Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Nested maps—a formal, provably correct object model for spatial aggregates
GIS '96 Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Advances in geographic information systems
Provably correct and complete transaction rules for GIS
GIS '97 Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Advances in geographic information systems
The Unified Modeling Language user guide
The Unified Modeling Language user guide
Extracting buildings from aerial images using hierachical aggregation in 2D and 3D
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Geoinformatica
GIS: A Computing Perspective, 2nd Edition
GIS: A Computing Perspective, 2nd Edition
Updating 3D city models: how to preserve geometric-topological consistency
Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
How to achieve consistency for 3D city models
Geoinformatica
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This article provides a formal data model to cover many 3D applications in GIS. It is based on a 2D model and preserves the algorithmic and conceptual simplicity of the 2D case as much as possible. Integrity axioms guarantee the consistency of the model in a mathematically provable way. These axioms are effectively and efficiently checkable by automatic procedures. The model extends Digital Terrain Models by allowing for vertical walls and projections like balconies or ledges. The conceptual simplicity is due to the two-dimensional topology of the model. Thus bridges and tunnels cannot be represented; we show how to detect and handle these cases efficiently. Based on this model, spatial objects and their aggregation structures can be defined consistently.