Why looking isn't always seeing: readership skills and graphical programming
Communications of the ACM
Building natural language generation systems
Building natural language generation systems
A Practical Guide to Knowledge Acquisition
A Practical Guide to Knowledge Acquisition
Squibs and discussions: human variation and lexical choice
Computational Linguistics - Summarization
An Augmented Visual Query Mechanism for Finding Patterns in Time Series Data
FQAS '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems
An Online Algorithm for Segmenting Time Series
ICDM '01 Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
Finding surprising patterns in a time series database in linear time and space
Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Cluster and Calendar Based Visualization of Time Series Data
INFOVIS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization
Visualizing Time-Series on Spirals
INFOVIS '01 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2001 (INFOVIS'01)
Summarizing neonatal time series data
EACL '03 Proceedings of the tenth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 2
SumTime-turbine: a knowledge-based system to communicate gas turbine time-series data
IEA/AIE'2003 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Developments in applied artificial intelligence
A two-stage model for content determination
EWNLG '01 Proceedings of the 8th European workshop on Natural Language Generation - Volume 8
Learning the meaning and usage of time phrases from a parallel text-data corpus
HLT-NAACL-LWM '04 Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 2003 workshop on Learning word meaning from non-linguistic data - Volume 6
Acquiring correct knowledge for natural language generation
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Choosing words in computer-generated weather forecasts
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on connecting language to the world
Algorithms for time series knowledge mining
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Efficient mining of understandable patterns from multivariate interval time series
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Natural language directed inference from ontologies
Artificial Intelligence
Extreme visualization: squeezing a billion records into a million pixels
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
An architecture for data-to-text systems
ENLG '07 Proceedings of the Eleventh European Workshop on Natural Language Generation
Choosing words in computer-generated weather forecasts
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on connecting language to the world
Looking for a good fuzzy system interpretability index: An experimental approach
International Journal of Approximate Reasoning
Generating approximate geographic descriptions
Empirical methods in natural language generation
User-tailored document planning - a game-theoretic approach
IceTAL'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in natural language processing
A review on time series data mining
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
A knowledge-based approach for automatic generation of summaries of behavior
AIMSA'06 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Artificial Intelligence: methodology, Systems, and Applications
Perception based time series data mining with MAP transform
MICAI'05 Proceedings of the 4th Mexican international conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Detecting interesting event sequences for sports reporting
ENLG '11 Proceedings of the 13th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation
A global model for concept-to-text generation
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
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We are developing technology for generating English textual summaries of time-series data, in three domains: weather forecasts, gas-turbine sensor readings, and hospital intensive care data. Our weather-forecast generator is currently operational and being used daily by a meteorological company. We generate summaries in three steps: (a) selecting the most important trends and patterns to communicate; (b) mapping these patterns onto words and phrases; and (c) generating actual texts based on these words and phrases. In this paper we focus on the first step, (a), selecting the information to communicate, and describe how we perform this using modified versions of standard data analysis algorithms such as segmentation. The modifications arose out of empirical work with users and domain experts, and in fact can all be regarded as applications of the Gricean maxims of Quality, Quantity, Relevance, and Manner, which describe how a cooperative speaker should behave in order to help a hearer correctly interpret a text. The Gricean maxims are perhaps a key element of adapting data analysis algorithms for effective communication of information to human users, and should be considered by other researchers interested in communicating data to human users.