The invisible computer
Uncovering the new wireless interaction paradigm
interactions
Usability Engineering
The Role of Physical Affordances in Multifunctional Mobile Device Design
International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering
A framework of affordance and usability of mobile user interface for older adults
UAHCI'13 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: user and context diversity - Volume 2
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The idea of merging different information appliances, each tailored to fit a specific task, into a multipurpose 3G mobile handset has become an interesting research area. This paper describes what considerations must be met from an efficiency point of view when designing a multipurpose handset concept including, e.g., camera functionality. The lessons learned when trading well-known previously acquired source metaphors for the “computer metaphor” was investigated in a small usability evaluation with 14 users, evaluating a multipurpose prototype. High task accuracy (effectiveness) was obtained (72% pass), but the efficiency with which the tasks were performed compared to using dedicated information appliances was low. Leaving out well-known affordances effectively prevented transfer of previously acquired source metaphors, which resulted in lack of feedback, inconsistency and errors. In order to validate usability, a combination of both objective and subjective metrics has to be used.