Group judgment processes and outcomes in video-conferencing versus face-to-face groups

Authors:
Marcus Credé;Janet A. Sniezek
Affiliations:
Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL;Department of Psychology, Business Administration, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
Venue:
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Year:
2003

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Abstract

Two hundred and eighty-two participants formed 94 groups of size three and completed an estimation task by interacting either face-to-face or via a video-conferencing system. Results showed significant differences across conditions with regard to the confidence attached by groups to their decisions, the degree to which groups were able to improve upon the best individually arrived at decision, and the self-reported enjoyment of group members. Compared to face-to-face groups, video-conferencing groups showed lower levels of confidence in their decisions, especially if they were instructed to discuss their beliefs and assumptions underlying their estimates and not the estimates themselves. However, this lower level of confidence was more appropriate than that of the face-to-face groups. Groups interacting face-to-face were more likely to improve upon the best individual solution, and, on average, improved to a greater degree. Further, video-conferencing groups reported modifying more of their beliefs during discussion. However, there were no significant differences between the two interaction media on the following outcome dimensions: accuracy; overconfidence; commitment to the group decision; size of credible intervals; improvement over average initial individual estimates; and the number of beliefs discussed or learned. Implications for the design and application of advanced systems for decision-making support and research are discussed.