Implementing mathematics with the Nuprl proof development system
Implementing mathematics with the Nuprl proof development system
Constructing natural language interpreters in a lazy functional language
The Computer Journal - Special issue on Lazy functional programming
Programming in Martin-Lo¨f's type theory: an introduction
Programming in Martin-Lo¨f's type theory: an introduction
A framework for defining logics
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Partial evaluation and automatic program generation
Partial evaluation and automatic program generation
The ALF proof editor and its proof engine
TYPES '93 Proceedings of the international workshop on Types for proofs and programs
Type-theoretical grammar
An algorithm for type-checking dependent types
Science of Computer Programming - Special issue on mathematics of program construction
Building domain-specific embedded languages
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) - Special issue: position statements on strategic directions in computing research
Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Cayenne—a language with dependent types
ICFP '98 Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming
The object constraint language: precise modeling with UML
The object constraint language: precise modeling with UML
The Cornell program synthesizer: a syntax-directed programming environment
Communications of the ACM
An efficient context-free parsing algorithm
Communications of the ACM
The Proper Place of Men and Machines inLanguage Translation
Machine Translation
An Authoring Tool for Informal and Formal Requirements Specifications
FASE '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering
TLCA '95 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications
Journal of Functional Programming
Multilingual authoring using feedback texts
COLING '98 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
XML and multilingual document authoring: convergent trends
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation (3rd Edition)
Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation (3rd Edition)
Using types to parse natural language
FP'95 Proceedings of the 1995 international conference on Functional Programming
Mathematical Vernacular and Conceptual Well-Formedness in Mathematical Language
LACL '97 Selected papers from the Second International Conference on Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics
Dialogue Systems as Proof Editors
Journal of Logic, Language and Information
Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming
Chart-parsing techniques and the prediction of valid editing moves in structured document authoring
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Document engineering
On the Expressive Power of Abstract Categorial Grammars: Representing Context-Free Formalisms
Journal of Logic, Language and Information
A functional toolkit for morphological and phonological processing, application to a Sanskrit tagger
Journal of Functional Programming
A pattern for almost compositional functions
Proceedings of the eleventh ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming
Realization of natural language interfaces using lazy functional programming
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A history of Haskell: being lazy with class
Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages
PlatΩ: A Mediator between Text-Editors and Proof Assistance Systems
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
GF parallel resource grammars and Russian
COLING-ACL '06 Proceedings of the COLING/ACL on Main conference poster sessions
A Type Driven Theory of Predication with Complex Types
Fundamenta Informaticae - Logic for Pragmatics
Type-Theoretical Bulgarian Grammar
GoTAL '08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in Natural Language Processing
A Grammar Formalism for Specifying ISU-Based Dialogue Systems
GoTAL '08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in Natural Language Processing
Interactive Multilingual Web Applications with Grammatical Framework
GoTAL '08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in Natural Language Processing
A pattern for almost compositional functions
Journal of Functional Programming
Towards a Context Theory for Context-aware systems
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Advances in Ambient Intelligence
MathLang Translation to Isabelle Syntax
Calculemus '09/MKM '09 Proceedings of the 16th Symposium, 8th International Conference. Held as Part of CICM '09 on Intelligent Computer Mathematics
COLING '08 22nd International Conference on on Computational Linguistics: Demonstration Papers
COLING '08 22nd International Conference on on Computational Linguistics: Demonstration Papers
EACL '06 Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Posters & Demonstrations
Grammatical framework web service
EACL '09 Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations Session
EACL '09 Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations Session
Incremental parsing with parallel multiple context-free grammars
EACL '09 Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Speech recognition grammar compilation in Grammatical Framework
SLP '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar-Based Approaches to Spoken Language Processing
Converting Grammatical Framework to Regulus
SLP '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar-Based Approaches to Spoken Language Processing
Dialogue system localization with the GF resource grammar library
SLP '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar-Based Approaches to Spoken Language Processing
Grammar-based context-specific statistical language modelling
SLP '07 Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar-Based Approaches to Spoken Language Processing
Parsing linear context-free rewriting systems
Parsing '05 Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Parsing Technology
Implementation of the Arabic numerals and their syntax in GF
Semitic '07 Proceedings of the 2007 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Semitic Languages: Common Issues and Resources
New Directions in Type-Theoretic Grammars
Journal of Logic, Language and Information
PGF: A Portable Run-time Format for Type-theoretical Grammars
Journal of Logic, Language and Information
Goal reasoning with context record types
CONTEXT'07 Proceedings of the 6th international and interdisciplinary conference on Modeling and using context
On two extensions of abstract categorial grammars
LPAR'07 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Logic for programming, artificial intelligence and reasoning
Multilingual syntax editing in GF
CICLing'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computational linguistics and intelligent text processing
Verification of object-oriented software: The KeY approach
Verification of object-oriented software: The KeY approach
Tools for multilingual grammar-based translation on the web
ACLDemos '10 Proceedings of the ACL 2010 System Demonstrations
Generating quantifiers and negation to explain homework testing
IUNLPBEA '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Fifth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications
Implementing controlled languages in GF
CNL'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Controlled natural language
Modeling Contexts with Dependent Types
Fundamenta Informaticae
Covert movement in logical grammar
Logic and grammar
Translating between language and logic: what is easy and what is difficult
CADE'11 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Automated deduction
Proceedings of the 4th ACM symposium on Haskell
Textbook proofs meet formal logic: the problem of underspecification and granularity
MKM'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management
Translating a fragment of weak type theory into type theory with open terms
MKM'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management
Translating formal software specifications to natural language
LACL'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics
An open-source computational grammar for romanian
CICLing'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing
The patents retrieval prototype in the MOLTO project
Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on World Wide Web
Multilingual online generation from semantic web ontologies
Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on World Wide Web
DynGenPar: a dynamic generalized parser for common mathematical language
CICM'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics
A Type Driven Theory of Predication with Complex Types
Fundamenta Informaticae - Logic for Pragmatics
Typeful ontologies with direct multilingual verbalization
CNL'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Controlled Natural Language
Engineering a controlled natural language into semantic mediawiki
CNL'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Controlled Natural Language
Controlled natural language in a game for legal assistance
CNL'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Controlled Natural Language
Formal foundations for situation awareness based on dependent type theory
Information Fusion
Second position clitics and monadic second-order transduction
ATANLP '12 Proceedings of the Workshop on Applications of Tree Automata Techniques in Natural Language Processing
LaTeCH '12 Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, and Humanities
On generating coherent multilingual descriptions of museum objects from semantic web ontologies
INLG '12 Proceedings of the Seventh International Natural Language Generation Conference
Towards Controlled Natural Language for Semantic Annotation
International Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems
A type-theoretical approach for ontologies: The case of roles
Applied Ontology
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Grammatical Framework (GF) is a special-purpose functional language for defining grammars. It uses a Logical Framework (LF) for a description of abstract syntax, and adds to this a notation for defining concrete syntax. GF grammars themselves are purely declarative, but can be used both for linearizing syntax trees and parsing strings. GF can describe both formal and natural languages. The key notion of this description is a grammatical object, which is not just a string, but a record that contains all information on inflection and inherent grammatical features such as number and gender in natural languages, or precedence in formal languages. Grammatical objects have a type system, which helps to eliminate run-time errors in language processing. In the same way as a LF, GF uses dependent types in abstract syntax to express semantic conditions, such as well-typedness and proof obligations. Multilingual grammars, where one abstract syntax has many parallel concrete syntaxes, can be used for reliable and meaning-preserving translation. They can also be used in authoring systems, where syntax trees are constructed in an interactive editor similar to proof editors based on LF. While being edited, the trees can simultaneously be viewed in different languages. This paper starts with a gradual introduction to GF, going through a sequence of simpler formalisms till the full power is reached. The introduction is followed by a systematic presentation of the GF formalism and outlines of the main algorithms: partial evaluation and parser generation. The paper concludes by brief discussions of the Haskell implementation of GF, existing applications, and related work.