SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Good vibrations: modal dynamics for graphics and animation
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The physical model: modeling and simulating the instrumental universe
Representations of musical signals
The missing link: modal synthesis
Representations of musical signals
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Digital sound synthesis of string instruments with the functional transformation method
Signal Processing - Special section: Hans Wilhelm Schüßler celebrates his 75th birthday
Realtime audiovisual rendering and contemporary audiovisual art
Organised Sound
HERON: a zournas digital virtual musical instrument
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses
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Physical modelling of musical instruments is an exciting new paradigm in digital sound synthesis. The basic idea is to imitate the sound production mechanism of an acoustic musical instrument using a computer program. The sound produced by such a model will automatically resemble that of the real instrument, if the model has been devised in a proper way. In this article we review the history and present techniques of physical modelling. It appears that the many seemingly very different modelling methods try to achieve the same result: to simulate the solutions of the wave equation in a simplified manner. We concentrate on the digital waveguide modelling technique which has gained much popularity among both researchers and engineers in the music technology industry. The benefits and drawbacks of the new technology are considered, and concurrent research topics are discussed. The physical modelling approach offers many new applications, especially in the fields of multimedia and virtual reality.