The Philips automatic train timetable information system
Speech Communication - Special issue on interactive voice technology for telecommunication applications
The Unified Modeling Language user guide
The Unified Modeling Language user guide
Designing Interactive Speech Systems: From First Ideas to User Testing
Designing Interactive Speech Systems: From First Ideas to User Testing
An object-oriented approach to the design of dialogue management functionality
EACL '99 Proceedings of the ninth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
A robust system for natural spoken dialogue
ACL '96 Proceedings of the 34th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A Java implementation of cross-domain mixed initiative spoken dialogue management
PPPJ '03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Principles and practice of programming in Java
A multiple-application conversational agent
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Voice user interface principles for a conversational agent
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Implementing advanced spoken dialogue management in Java
Science of Computer Programming - Special issue on principles and practice of programming in java (PPPJ 2003)
An architecture and applications for speech-based accessibility systems
IBM Systems Journal
The Queen's agents: using collaborating object-based dialogue agents in the Queen's Communicator
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Hybrid knowledge modeling for ambient intelligence
ERCIM'06 Proceedings of the 9th conference on User interfaces for all
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In this paper we show how established object modelling techniques can be used in the creation of spoken dialogue management systems. One of the motivations behind the particular approach adopted here is the observation that, in spoken human-to-human dialogues, certain skillsets and patterns of dialogue evolution are common to many different contexts; other dialogue skills and accompanying real-world knowledge are required only for more specialised transactions within particular business domains. As a starting point for modelling an automated spoken dialogue management system we recommend a use case analysis of the required functionality. The use case analysis encourages the developer to identify generic-specific relationships and interactions between different dialogue management skills. We consider some of the broad philosophies underlying current dialogue management systems and outline practical high-level dialogue behaviour based on mixed-initiative, frame-based processing, combined with a rigorously applied confirmation strategy. On the basis of the use case requirements analysis, we explore a possible design for an object-oriented dialogue management system, indicating the roles and relationships of the various classes that embody the required dialogue functionality, and showing how implemented objects within the system will interact. The manner of this interaction is such as to allow one overall system to process transactions in several business domains. We also indicate some of the advantages of a rule-based implementation: the proposed design is tailored towards such an implementation in Prolog++. An object-oriented development process places high-level, generic dialogue management functionality at the disposal of more specialised ‘expert’ components. Maintainability and extensibility are therefore enhanced: if the developer chooses to refine generic behaviour, it is immediately available to the more specialised components; if new domain-specific expertise is required, it can be added with minimal impact on generic behaviour.