Touch-sensitive screens: the technologies and their application
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Providing expert systems with integrated natural language and graphical interfaces
ACM '86 Proceedings of 1986 ACM Fall joint computer conference
Processing Description containing Words and Gestures -A System Architecture-
GWAI-86 und 2. Österreichische Artificial-Intelligence-Tagung
“Put-that-there”: Voice and gesture at the graphics interface
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Manipulating simulated objects with real-world gestures using a force and position sensitive screen
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Combining deictic gestures and natural language for referent identification
COLING '86 Proceedings of the 11th coference on Computational linguistics
Visual display, pointing, and natural language: the power of multimodal interaction
AVI '98 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Generating multimodal output: conditions, advantages and problems
COLING '88 Proceedings of the 12th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
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Referent identification in human conversation is performed both by describing the objects in question and by pointing at them. Up till now, only the linguistic component could be simulated in dialog systems. But recently, technical innovations have made it possible to 'point' at the objects on a display as well.The paper has two intentions. First, it investigates natural pointing in more detail and offers some possibilities to classify the great variety of pointing actions. Then, it tries to clarify the extent to which pointing by technical means (especially mouse-clicks) can be regarded as a simulation of natural pointing or as a functional equivalent. Furthermore, some steps towards even more accurate simulation are briefly mentioned.