MPEG-4: an object-based multimedia coding standard supporting mobile applications
Mobile Networks and Applications - Special issue: mobile multimedia communications
A simulation of dynamic task allocation in a distributed computer system
WSC '87 Proceedings of the 19th conference on Winter simulation
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Computer Networks
Real-Time Systems and Programming Languages: ADA 95, Real-Time Java, and Real-Time POSIX
Real-Time Systems and Programming Languages: ADA 95, Real-Time Java, and Real-Time POSIX
Worst-case execution times analysis of MPEG-2 decoding
Euromicro-RTS'00 Proceedings of the 12th Euromicro conference on Real-time systems
New directions in communications (or which way to the information age?)
IEEE Communications Magazine
Human perception of jitter and media synchronization
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Differentiated object priority control mechanism for MPEG-4 streaming
Computer Communications
Scheduling MPEG-4 video streams through the 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access
ICN'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Networking - Volume Part II
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Video streaming applications (e.g. video conferencing, video-on-demand) increasingly strive for deployment in small embedded systems that traditionally exhibit small computational resources as well as low speed internal network connections, e.g. set top boxes, mobile phones or PDAs. Whereas the latter is addressed by the new scalability features in the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 standards, the computational resources still must be used effectively, all the more as continuously improved compression algorithms increase the computational demands. In order to guarantee a frame-per-second rate that satisfies the requested Quality of Service (QoS), a real-time scheduling mechanism is required that accounts for the specific needs of the respective compression standards along with a corresponding mechanism for Admission Control. The introduction of different frame-types in MPEG that require varying resources for decoding and the possibility of variable-bit-rate encoding, however, result in strong workload imbalances and unpredictability that do not allow to exploit the available resources efficiently. Therefore, this paper presents a new approach that allows to balance the workload caused by MPEG stream decoding. It allows to timely decode an additional 16% of frames compared to traditional solutions. Furthermore, we introduce a method called Peak Notification that may reduce resource over-reservation by considerable 67% through workload peak prediction compared to common solutions. Both methods increase the QoS delivered to the client. To our knowledge, this is the first approach that balances the workload on a single processor to achieve better CPU utilization.