Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
An introduction to genetic algorithms
An introduction to genetic algorithms
Self-reproduction in a reversible cellular space
Theoretical Computer Science - Special issue on universal machines and computations
The art of computer programming, volume 1 (3rd ed.): fundamental algorithms
The art of computer programming, volume 1 (3rd ed.): fundamental algorithms
Introduction of structural dissolution into Langton's self-reproducing loop
ALIFE Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Artificial life
Fifty years of research on self-replication: an overview
Artificial Life - Special issue on self-replication
Open problems in artificial life
Artificial Life - Special issue on the Artificial Life VII: looking backward, looking forward
Is self-replication an embedded characteristic of artificial/living matter?
ICAL 2003 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Artificial life
Cellular Automata
Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata
Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata
Emergent Patterning Phenomena in 2D Cellular Automata
Artificial Life
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In order to understand the interplay among information, genetic instructions, and phenotypic variations, self-reproducers discovered in two-dimensional cellular automata are considered as proto-organisms, which undergo to mutations as they were in a real environmental situation. We realized a computational model through which we have been able to discover the genetic map of the self-reproducers and the networks they use. Identifying in these maps sets of different functional genes, we found that mutations in the genetic sequences could affect both external shapes and behavior of the self-reproducers, thus realizing different life-like strategies in the evolution process. The results highlight that some strategies evolution uses in selecting organisms that are fitting with changing environmental situations maintain the self-reproducing function, whereas other variations create new self-reproducers. These self-reproducers in turn realize different genetic networks, which can be very different from the basic ancestors pools. The mutations that are disruptive bring self-reproducers to disappear, while other proto-organisms are generated.