Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
WACV '96 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV '96)
Face detection by fuzzy pattern matching
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Multiple Faces Tracking and Zooming System
ICMI '00 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advances in Multimodal Interfaces
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This paper describes a working system that can robustly detect and track human faces with unknown sizes and positions in complex backgrounds from color images in real time. Skin color is modeled as and detected by a 3D Gaussian distribution in the RG B color space among different persons within the same race. Detected skin pixels are grouped into regions whose centroids and areas are recorded. If dark regions for eyes, eyebrows and mouth are also detected at certain positions within these regions, they are regarded as faces. Once the faces are detected, the system starts to track one of them using a pan-tilt-zoom controllable camera. Without any special hardware, the system achieves a speed of 0.2 sec. for face detection and 0.1 sec. for face tracking, on a Pentium 266MHz PC, including the image acquisition time.