Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Muscle-Based Feature Models for Analyzing Facial Expressions
ACCV '98 Proceedings of the Third Asian Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Realistic 3D facial animation using parameter-based deformation and texture remapping
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
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We present a technique for recognizing facial expressions from image sequences. The technique uses muscle-based feature models for tracking facial features. Since the feature models are constructed with a small number of parameters and are deformable in the limited range and directions, each search space for a feature can be limited. The technique estimates muscular contractile degrees for classifying six principal facial expressions. The contractile vectors are obtained from the deformations of facial muscle models. Similarities are defined between those vectors and representative vectors of principal expressions and are used for determining facial expressions.