Cassandra: Flexible Trust Management, Applied to Electronic Health Records

  • Authors:
  • Moritz Y. Becker;Peter Sewell

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Cambridge, UK;University of Cambridge, UK

  • Venue:
  • CSFW '04 Proceedings of the 17th IEEE workshop on Computer Security Foundations
  • Year:
  • 2004

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Abstract

We study the specification of access control policy inlarge-scale distributed systems. We present Cassandra, alanguage and system for expressing policy, and the resultsof a substantial case study, a security policy for a nationalElectronic Health Record system, based on the requirementsfor the ongoing UK National Health Service procurementexercise.Cassandra policies are expressed in a language based onDatalog with constraints. The expressiveness of the language(and its computational complexity) can be tuned bychoosing an appropriate constraint domain. Cassandra isrole-based; it supports credential-based access control (e.g.between administrative domains); and rules can refer to remotepolicies (for automatic credential retrieval and trustnegotiation). Moreover, the policy language is small, andit has a formal semantics for query evaluation and for theaccess control engine.For the case study we choose a constraint domain C驴 thatis sufficiently expressive to encode many policy idioms. Thecase study turns out to require many subtle variants of these;it is important to express this variety smoothly, rather thanadd them as ad hoc features. By ensuring only a constraintcompact fragment of C驴 is used, we guarantee a finite andcomputable fixed-point model. We use a top-down evaluationalgorithm, for efficiency and to guarantee termination.The case study (with some 310 rules and 58 roles) demonstratesthat this language is expressive enough for a real-worldapplication; preliminary results suggest that the performanceshould be acceptable.