Software errors and complexity: an empirical investigation0
Communications of the ACM
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IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A history of software maintenance for a complex U.S. Army Battlefield automated system
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc on Conference on software maintenance--1985
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Communications of the ACM
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Communications of the ACM
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Software Engineering Economics
ICSE '76 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Software engineering
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Proceedings of the international conference on Reliable software
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IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
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IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Software process validation: quantitatively measuring the correspondence of a process to a model
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
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An analysis is presented of early design and code change data from the software cost reduction (SCR) project, a well-reported effort conducted at the US Naval Research Laboratory from 1978 to 1988. The analyses are mostly time-based studies of the change data and relationships between the data and SCR personnel activity data. Some analyses of the change data show patterns consistent with a major goal of the SCR project: the design and development of easy-to-change software. Specifically, most changes took a day or less to uncover and resolve; the majority of changes updated at most one module. Moreover, these percentages remained fairly stable. No positive relationship appeared between error-correction effort and the number of days that an error remained in the SCR design documentation. Other analyses suggest that consistency may have been temporary. For example, the analyses suggest a stepwise growth in average change effort, and an increasing percentage of changes resulted in module interface updates. Certain specific ratios between SCR change data and personnel activity data may be possible indicators of design incompleteness.