The Z notation: a reference manual
The Z notation: a reference manual
Software measure specification
SIGSOFT '93 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSOFT symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Measuring the comprehensibility of Z specifications
Journal of Systems and Software
A Unified Framework for Coupling Measurement in Object-Oriented Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Formal methods in concurrent and distributed systems
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
Experience teaching Z with tool and web support
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
A Unified Framework for Cohesion Measurement in Object-OrientedSystems
Empirical Software Engineering
The complexity of formal specifications - assessments by α - metric
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
A Metrics Suite for Object Oriented Design
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Predicting Maintenance Performance Using Object-Oriented Design Complexity Metrics
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Measuring the Maintainability of a Communication Protocol Based on Its Formal Specification
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
An Empirical Validation of Object-Oriented Metrics in Two Different Iterative Software Processes
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A comparative study of graph theory-based class cohesion measures
ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
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Software metrics are useful quantitative indicators to assess and predict software quality attributes; a commonly measured attribute is software complexity. The main drawbacks are: they can only be calculated after a major development effort has been committed to produce the source codes; they cannot provide early feedback during the specification phase; and subsequently it is expensive to make changes to the system, if so indicated by the metrics. To date, there is hardly any work done on measuring the complexity of a system early in its specification phase. In this paper, we describe how the complexity of a Z specification can be measured. We also found that there is a significant correlation between the specification metrics proposed and the widely adopted OO metrics, thus demonstrating that our proposed metrics are a reliable means of measuring the system early in the specification phase.