Architectural elements of language engineering robustness
Natural Language Engineering
A Reference Architecture for Generation Systems
Natural Language Engineering
Implementation architectures for natural language generation
Natural Language Engineering
Large-scale software integration for spoken language and multimodal dialog systems
Natural Language Engineering
The Talent system: TEXTRACT architecture and data model
Natural Language Engineering
Natural Language Engineering
Evolving GATE to meet new challenges in language engineering
Natural Language Engineering
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Every building, and every computer program, has an architecture: structural and organisational principles that underpin its design and construction. The garden shed once built by one of the authors had an ad hoc architecture, extracted (somewhat painfully) from the imagination during a slow and non-deterministic process that, luckily, resulted in a structure which keeps the rain on the outside and the mower on the inside (at least for the time being). As well as being ad hoc (i.e. not informed by analysis of similar practice or relevant science or engineering) this architecture is implicit: no explicit design was made, and no records or documentation kept of the construction process.