Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
An introduction to genetic algorithms
An introduction to genetic algorithms
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Scheduling Problems and Traveling Salesmen: The Genetic Edge Recombination Operator
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
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The recent popularity of genetic algorithms (GA's) and their application to a wide range of problems is a result of their ease of implementation and flexibility. Evolutionary techniques are often applied to optimization and related search problems where the fitness of a possible result is easily established. Although many landscapes are searched quickly, there are those, such as permutation landscapes, that are particularly challenging to the GA approach. This paper suggests an alternative approach, called landscape smoothing, to searching numerical permutation landscapes. This paper demonstrates that this approach is more effective than the usual schemes since it smoothes the original landscape in a way that allows GA exploitation to occur naturally using standard mutation and crossover operators.