A parameterizable methodology for Internet traffic flow profiling
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Wide-area Internet traffic patterns and characteristics
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Metering Re-ECN: performance evaluation and its applicability in cellular networks
Proceedings of the 23rd International Teletraffic Congress
Comparison of user traffic characteristics on mobile-access versus fixed-access networks
PAM'12 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Passive and Active Measurement
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In this paper, we provide statistics on large-scale traffic measurements that have been made in a live cellular GPRS network. We show that the current GPRS traffic is dominated by HTTP- and WAP-based applications, and further show in what direction (uplink and/or downlink) the ensuing traffic is transmitted as well as statistics on the length of the flows on a per application basis. We find that the results differ compared to those found in similar measurement studies that have been carried out in the fixed Internet. In particular, our results suggest that flows are shorter in cellular networks, and that the so-called mice and elephant effect, whereby a small part of the flows make up a majority of the bytes transferred, is not prevalent in GPRS networks. Instead, extremely short flows account for the majority of the total flows and bytes transferred. We also discuss the impact of this finding on future research on TCP loss recovery.