The effect of use and access on citations
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Infometrics
Toward alternative metrics of journal impact: a comparison of download and citation data
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Infometrics
Google Scholar citations and Google Web-URL citations: A multi-discipline exploratory analysis
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Delineating the citation impact of scientific discoveries
Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Usage impact factor: The effects of sample characteristics on usage-based impact metrics
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Towards usage-based impact metrics: first results from the mesur project.
Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
The effect of use and access on citations
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Infometrics
Toward alternative metrics of journal impact: A comparison of download and citation data
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue: Infometrics
Interdisciplinarity and the information-seeking behavior of scientists
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
A longitudinal study of scholars attitudes and behaviors toward open-access journal publishing
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Annual Review of Information Science and Technology
Annual Review of Information Science and Technology
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The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), along with astronomy's journals and data centers (a collaboration dubbed URANIA), has developed a distributed online digital library which has become the dominant means by which astronomers search, access, and read their technical literature. Digital libraries permit the easy accumulation of a new type of bibliometric measure: the number of electronic accesses (“reads”) of individual articles. By combining data from the text, citation, and reference databases with data from the ADS readership logs we have been able to create second-order bibliometric operators, a customizable class of collaborative filters that permits substantially improved accuracy in literature queries. Using the ADS usage logs along with membership statistics from the International Astronomical Union and data on the population and gross domestic product (GDP), we have developed an accurate model for worldwide basic research where the number of scientists in a country is proportional to the GDP of that country, and the amount of basic research done by a country is proportional to the number of scientists in that country times that country's per capita GDP. We introduce the concept of utility time to measure the impact of the ADS/URANIA and the electronic astronomical library on astronomical research. We find that in 2002 it amounted to the equivalent of 736 full-time researchers, or $250 million, or the astronomical research done in France. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.