The active badge location system
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The Cricket location-support system
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A Novel Broadband Ultrasonic Location System
UbiComp '02 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Using Personnel Movements for Indoor Autonomous Environment Discovery
PERCOM '03 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
WLAN Location Determination via Clustering and Probability Distributions
PERCOM '03 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Multi-Camera Multi-Person Tracking for EasyLiving
VS '00 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Workshop on Visual Surveillance (VS'2000)
Finding Location Using Omnidirectional Video On A Wearable Computing Platform
ISWC '00 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Dynamic World Models from Ray-tracing
PERCOM '04 Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom'04)
Army-Backed Flexible Display Effort: A Symbol of Public-Private Partnership
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Multi-sensory and Multi-modal Fusion for Sentient Computing
International Journal of Computer Vision
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
MyExperience: a system for in situ tracing and capturing of user feedback on mobile phones
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Towards autonomous updating of world models in location-aware spaces
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing - Special Issue: Implications of the socio-physical contexts when interacting with mobile media
Bazaar: a middleware for physical world abstraction
Journal of Mobile Multimedia
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
On the design, deployment and use of ubiquitous systems
UIC'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing
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Location-aware systems are typically deployed on a small scale and evaluated technically, in terms of absolute errors. In this paper, the authors present their experience of deploying an indoor location system (the Bat system) over a larger area and running it for a period exceeding two years.A number of technical considerations are highlighted: a need to consider aesthetics throughout deployment, the disadvantages of specialising sensors for location only, the need for autonomous maintenance of the computational world model, the dangers in coinciding physical and symbolic boundaries, the need to design for space usage rather than space and the need to incorporate feed-back mechanisms and power management. An evaluation of long term user experiences is presented, derived from a survey, logged usage data, and empirical observations. Statistically, it is found that 35% wear their Bat daily, 35% characterise their Bat as useful, privacy concerns are rare for almost 90% of users, and users cite the introduction of more applications and the adoption of the system by other users as their chief incentives to be tracked.Thia paper aims to highlight the need to evaluate large-scale deployments of such systems both technically and through user studies.