A New Multilayered PCP and the Hardness of Hypergraph Vertex Cover

  • Authors:
  • Irit Dinur;Venkatesan Guruswami;Subhash Khot;Oded Regev

  • Affiliations:
  • -;-;-;-

  • Venue:
  • SIAM Journal on Computing
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

Given a k-uniform hypergraph, the Ek-Vertex-Cover problem is to find the smallest subset of vertices that intersects every hyperedge. We present a new multilayered probabilistically checkable proof (PCP) construction that extends the Raz verifier. This enables us to prove that Ek-Vertex-Cover is NP-hard to approximate within a factor of $(k-1-\epsilon)$ for arbitrary constants $\epsilon0$ and $k\ge 3$. The result is nearly tight as this problem can be easily approximated within factor k. Our construction makes use of the biased long-code and is analyzed using combinatorial properties of s-wise t-intersecting families of subsets.We also give a different proof that shows an inapproximability factor of $\lfloor \frac{k}{2} \rfloor -\eps$. In addition to being simpler, this proof also works for superconstant values of k up to (log N)1/c, where c 1 is a fixed constant and N is the number of hyperedges.