Conceptual structures: information processing in mind and machine
Conceptual structures: information processing in mind and machine
Conceptual clustering in a first order logic representation
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Machine Learning - Special issue on multistrategy learning
Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases
SIGMOD '93 Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
Using inductive logic programming to automate the construction of natural language parsers
Using inductive logic programming to automate the construction of natural language parsers
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Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining
Knowledge engineering: principles and methods
Data & Knowledge Engineering - Special jubilee issue: DKE 25
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Enriching the WordNet taxonomy with contextual knowledge acquired from text
Natural language processing and knowledge representation
Joint knowledge capture for grammars and ontologies
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Knowledge capture
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Machine Learning
Weaving the Web; The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor (2 Cassettes)
Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Ontology Learning and Its Application to Automated Terminology Translation
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Extending a Lexical Ontology by a Combination of Distributional Semantics Signatures
EKAW '02 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Ontologies and the Semantic Web
A Probabilistic Analysis of the Rocchio Algorithm with TFIDF for Text Categorization
ICML '97 Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Mining Generalized Association Rules
VLDB '95 Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Domain-Specific Knowledge Acquisition and Classification Using WordNet
Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference
OntoEdit: Collaborative Ontology Development for the Semantic Web
ISWC '02 Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web
The Usable Ontology: An Environment for Building and Assessing a Domain Ontology
ISWC '02 Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web
Ontology Construction for Information Selection
ICTAI '02 Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence
Domain-specific knowledge acquisition from text
ANLC '00 Proceedings of the sixth conference on Applied natural language processing
A workbench for finding structure in texts
ANLC '97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Applied natural language processing
Building accurate semantic taxonomies from monolingual MRDs
COLING '98 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
The automated acquisition of topic signatures for text summarization
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Automatic acquisition of hyponyms from large text corpora
COLING '92 Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
SOAT: a semi-automatic domain ontology acquisition tool from Chinese corpus
COLING '02 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
A Hybrid Approach for Learning Concept Hierarchy from Malay Text Using GAHC and Immune Network
ICARIS '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems
Enabling domain-awareness for a generic natural language interface
AAAI'07 Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Managing knowledge on the Web - Extracting ontology from HTML Web
Decision Support Systems
Can Educators Develop Ontologies Using Ontology Extraction Tools: An End-User Study
EC-TEL '09 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning: Learning in the Synergy of Multiple Disciplines
Automatic ontology creation using adaptation
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
Ontological technologies for user modelling
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies
Evaluation framework for automatic ontology extraction tools: an experiment
OTM'07 Proceedings of the 2007 OTM confederated international conference on On the move to meaningful internet systems - Volume Part I
Companion Proceedings of the XIV Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web
Evaluating ontology extraction tools using a comprehensive evaluation framework
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Enhancement of domain ontology construction using a crystallizing approach
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Analysis and evaluation of techniques for the extraction of classes in the ontology learning process
IEA/AIE'10 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Industrial engineering and other applications of applied intelligent systems - Volume Part III
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
EGOVIS'11 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Electronic government and the information systems perspective
Ontology with likeliness and typicality of objects in concepts
ER'06 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Conceptual Modeling
A Pattern-Based Method for Re-Engineering Non-Ontological Resources into Ontologies
International Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems
Concept map construction from text documents using affinity propagation
Journal of Information Science
Transition of legacy systems to semantically enabled applications: TAO method and tools
Semantic Web - On real-time and ubiquitous social semantics
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Ontology learning aims at reducing the time and efforts in the ontology development process. In recent years, several methods and tools have been proposed to speed up this process using different sources of information and different techniques. In this paper, we have reviewed 13 methods and 14 tools for semi-automatically building ontologies from texts and their relationships with the techniques each method follows. The methods have been grouped according to the main techniques followed and three groups have been identified: one based on linguistics, one on statistics, and one on machine learning. Regarding the tools, the criterion for grouping them, which has been the main aim of the tool, is to distinguish what elements of the ontology can be learned with each tool. According to this, we have identified three kinds of tools: tools for learning relations, tools for learning new concepts, and assisting tools for building up taxonomies.