Machine Learning for Clinical Diagnosis from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

  • Authors:
  • Lei Zhang;Dimitris Samaras;Dardo Tomasi;Nora Volkow;Rita Goldstein

  • Affiliations:
  • State University of New York at Stony Brook;State University of New York at Stony Brook;Brookhaven National Laboratory;Brookhaven National Laboratory;Brookhaven National Laboratory

  • Venue:
  • CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has enabled scientists to look into the active human brain. FMRI provides a sequence of 3D brain images with intensities representing brain activations. Standard techniques for fMRI analysis traditionally focused on finding the area of most significant brain activation for different sensations or activities. In this paper, we explore a new application of machine learning methods to a more challenging problem: classifying subjects into groups based on the observed 3D brain images when the subjects are performing the same task. Here we address the separation of drug-addicted subjects from healthy non-drug-using controls. In this paper, we explore a number of classification approaches. We introduce a novel algorithm that integrates side information into the use of boosting. Our algorithm clearly outperformed well-established classifiers as documented in extensive experimental results. This is the first time that machine learning techniques based on 3D brain images are applied to a clinical diagnosis that currently is only performed through patient self-report. Our tools can therefore provide information not addressed by traditional analysis methods and substantially improve diagnosis.