Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on the fifth Minnowbrook workshop on software performance evaluation
System Structure Analysis: Clustering with Data Bindings
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Annals of discrete mathematics, 24
The practical guide to structured systems design: 2nd edition
The practical guide to structured systems design: 2nd edition
The dimensionality of program complexity
ICSE '89 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Software engineering
Deriving structurally based software measures
Journal of Systems and Software - An Oregon workshop on software metrics
Analyzing Error-Prone System Structure
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Measurement of data structure complexity
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on the Oregon Metric Workshop
A software metric system for module coupling
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on the Oregon Metric Workshop
Object-oriented metrics that predict maintainability
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue on object-oriented software
An investigation into coupling measures for C++
ICSE '97 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Software engineering
A Unified Framework for Coupling Measurement in Object-Oriented Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Software engineering
Measuring Dynamic Program Complexity
IEEE Software
Measuring the Intensity of Object Coupling in C++ Programs
COMPSAC '01 Proceedings of the 25th International Computer Software and Applications Conference on Invigorating Software Development
Module Coupling: A Design Metric
APSEC '96 Proceedings of the Third Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference
Coupling and Cohesion as Modularization Drivers: Are We Being Over-Persuaded?
CSMR '01 Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering
Coupling Metrics for Object-Oriented Design
METRICS '98 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Software Metrics
Coupling-based Integration Testing
ICECCS '96 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems
Using Coupling Measurement for Impact Analysis in Object-Oriented Systems
ICSM '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance
A Dynamic Runtime Coupling Metric for Meta-Level Architectures
CSMR '04 Proceedings of the Eighth Euromicro Working Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR'04)
Dynamic Coupling Measurement for Object-Oriented Software
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Reliable software through composite design
Reliable software through composite design
Quantitatively measuring object-oriented couplings
Software Quality Control
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Module coupling is an important criterion for evaluating the quality of a software design. While the benefits of reduced module coupling are widely agreed upon, it has been difficult to measure coupling and thus understand it empirically. This study argues the definition of coupling, defines a set of coupling metrics based on the measurement of connections of a module within its running environment, and validates the set using principal component analysis. In an empirical study, the results indicate that these coupling metrics capture three distinct attributes of module coupling. These three attributes represent sources of variation not accounted for in the set of metric primitives and are appropriate for evaluating the coupling complexity of software. This study provides a set of validated measurements of the coupling complexity of software and a new way to evaluate module coupling measurements.