The second self: computers and the human spirit
The second self: computers and the human spirit
The age of intelligent machines
The age of intelligent machines
Computer pioneers
Being digital
A history of modern computing
The age of spiritual machines: when computers exceed human intelligence
The age of spiritual machines: when computers exceed human intelligence
In the Beginning...Was the Command Line
In the Beginning...Was the Command Line
The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas That Make Computers Work
The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas That Make Computers Work
Machine Beauty: Elegance and the Heart of Technology
Machine Beauty: Elegance and the Heart of Technology
Release 2.0: A Design for Living in the Digital Age
Release 2.0: A Design for Living in the Digital Age
Ideas and Information
Beyond Calculation: The Next Fifty Years of Computing
Beyond Calculation: The Next Fifty Years of Computing
Moths to the Flame: The Seductions of Computer Technology
Moths to the Flame: The Seductions of Computer Technology
Dreams of Reason: The Computer and the Rise of the Sciences of Complexity
Dreams of Reason: The Computer and the Rise of the Sciences of Complexity
Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the History and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence
Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the History and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence
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Before 1947 the only computing literature concerned analog computers (then called "analyzers"), punched card (q.v.) machines, and calculations made with pencil and paper or desk calculators. No periodicals were devoted to the subject. The literature was sparse, entirely technical, and was scattered through the publications of mathematics, statistics, physics, electrical engineering, and other sciences, especially astronomy. A few books (for instance, Whittaker and Robinson's Calculus of Observations, Scarborough's Numerical Mathematical Analysis, and Eckert's Punch Card Methods in Scientific Computation--see ECKERT, WALLACE J.) could, in retrospect, be said to have dealt exclusively with computing, although their subject matter was then considered to be part of applied mathematics.