Automatic discovery of contextual factors describing phonological variation
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition: the sphinx system
Large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition: the sphinx system
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The context in which a phoneme occurs leads to consistent differences in how it is pronounced. Phonologists employ a variety of contextual descriptors, based on factors such as stress and syllable boundaries, to explain phonological variation. However, in developing pronunciation networks for speech recognition systems, little explicit use is made of context other than the use of whole word models and use of triphone models.This paper describes the creation of pronunciation networks using a wide variety of contextual factors which allow better prediction of pronunciation variation. We use a phoneme level representation which permits easy addition of new words to the vocabulary, with a flexible context representation which allows modeling of long-range effects, extending over syllables and across word-boundaries. In order to incorporate a wide variety of factors in the creation of pronunciation networks, we used data-derived context trees, which possess properties useful for pronunciation network creation.