Elements of information theory
Elements of information theory
Multimodal input for computer access and augmentative communication
Assets '96 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Assistive technologies
CHI '94 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The use of gestures in multimodal input
Assets '98 Proceedings of the third international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Mutual disambiguation of recognition errors in a multimodel architecture
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The contrastive evaluation of unimodal and multimodal interfaces for voice otput communication aids
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
The contrastive evaluation of unimodal and multimodal interfaces for voice otput communication aids
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Indirect text entry using one or two keys
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Integrated speech and gaze control for realistic desktop environments
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Making the mainstream accessible: what's in a game?
ICCHP'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs
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That multimodal interfaces have benefits over unimodal ones has often been asserted. Several such benefits have been described informally, but, to date, few have actually been formalized or quantified. In this paper, the hypothesized benefits of semantically redundant multimodal input actions are described formally and are quantified using the formalisms provided by Information Theory. A reinterpretation of Keates and Robinson's empirical data (1998) shows that their criticism of multimodal interfaces was, in part, unfounded.