Modelling and Analysing the Contract Net Protocol - Extension Using Coloured Petri Nets
FORTE '08 Proceedings of the 28th IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems
Combinatorial reverse auction based on revelation of Lagrangian multipliers
Decision Support Systems
Assessing the benefits of group-buying-based combinatorial reverse auctions
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
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We apply the Provisional Agreement Protocol (PAP) as a new approach to single static, single dynamic and multiple combinatorial auction problems, and empirically evaluate PAP. PAP benefits over one-shot auctions include: bidders not required to submit all bids and their dependencies; interaction with a changing environment during the auction can improve the solution; less communication when each bidder possesses many bids. PAPýs backtracking may allow a better solution to be found than the first (greedy) solution, but can be detrimental with multiple auctions when bids (resources) are limited. With multiple auctions, dynamics and competition increases as resources becomes scarce. Therefore, PAP is likely to perform better when many resources are available, which is when auctions are useful anyway. PAP scales well, and applying PAP to a second domain shows its generality.