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An introduction to Kolmogorov complexity and its applications (2nd ed.)
An introduction to Kolmogorov complexity and its applications (2nd ed.)
Face and Gesture Recognition: Overview
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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Text Classification from Labeled and Unlabeled Documents using EM
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Reliable Classifications with Machine Learning
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Machine-Learning Applications of Algorithmic Randomness
ICML '99 Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Transductive Inference for Text Classification using Support Vector Machines
ICML '99 Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Transduction with Confidence and Credibility
IJCAI '99 Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Structure in Errors: A Case Study in Fingerprint Verification
ICPR '02 Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Volume 3 - Volume 3
Information fusion in biometrics
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue: Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication (AVBPA 2001)
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The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Face Recognition Vendor Test 2002
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Guide to Biometrics
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Pattern Recognition Letters
Reliable face recognition using adaptive and robust correlation filters
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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Intelligent Data Analysis
Open-Set Face Recognition-Based Visitor Interface System
ICVS '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Vision Systems: Computer Vision Systems
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Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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AMFG'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Analysis and modeling of faces and gestures
A local tangent space alignment based transductive classification algorithm
ANNPR'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Artificial Neural Networks in Pattern Recognition
Robust re-identification using randomness and statistical learning: Quo vadis
Pattern Recognition Letters
Learning person-specific models for facial expression and action unit recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
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Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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This paper motivates and describes a novel realization of transductive inference that can address the Open Set face recognition task. Open Set operates under the assumption that not all the test probes have mates in the gallery. It either detects the presence of some biometric signature within the gallery and finds its identity or rejects it, i.e., it provides for the "none of the above驴 answer. The main contribution of the paper is Open Set TCM-kNN (Transduction Confidence Machine-k Nearest Neighbors), which is suitable for multiclass authentication operational scenarios that have to include a rejection option for classes never enrolled in the gallery. Open Set TCM-kNN, driven by the relation between transduction and Kolmogorov complexity, provides a local estimation of the likelihood ratio needed for detection tasks. We provide extensive experimental data to show the feasibility, robustness, and comparative advantages of Open Set TCM-kNN on Open Set identification and watch list (surveillance) tasks using challenging FERET data. Last, we analyze the error structure driven by the fact that most of the errors in identification are due to a relatively small number of face patterns. Open Set TCM-kNN is shown to be suitable for PSEI (pattern specific error inhomogeneities) error analysis in order to identify difficult to recognize faces. PSEI analysis improves biometric performance by removing a small number of those difficult to recognize faces responsible for much of the original error in performance and/or by using data fusion.