Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Algorithms for drawing graphs: an annotated bibliography
Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications
Interactive sketching for the early stages of user interface design
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Sketchit: a sketch interpretation tool for conceptual mechanical design
Sketchit: a sketch interpretation tool for conceptual mechanical design
Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Sketching with projective 2D strokes
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Artistic silhouettes: a hybrid approach
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
A handwriting-based equation editor
Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Graphics interface '99
Computer aided serendipity: the role of autonomous assistants in problem solving
Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Graphics interface '99
Fluid sketches: continuous recognition and morphing of simple hand-drawn shapes
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Elements of the Theory of Computation
Elements of the Theory of Computation
General Diagram-Recognition Methodologies
Selected Papers from the First International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, Methods and Applications
Aiding manipulation of handwritten mathematical expressions through style-preserving morphs
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Pattern recognition and beautification for a pen based interface
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 1) - Volume 1
INTERACTING with sketched interface designs: an evaluation study
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
MathPad2: a system for the creation and exploration of mathematical sketches
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
As-rigid-as-possible shape manipulation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Fluid sketching of directed graphs
AUIC '06 Proceedings of the 7th Australasian User interface conference - Volume 50
Fluid sketching of directed graphs
AUIC '06 Proceedings of the 7th Australasian User interface conference - Volume 50
Connector semantics for sketched diagram recognition
AUIC '07 Proceedings of the eight Australasian conference on User interface - Volume 64
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
Applying layout algorithms to hand-drawn graphs
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
A non-trigonometric, pseudo area preserving, polyline smoothing algorithm
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
Computational Support for Sketching in Design: A Review
Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction
SketchNode: intelligent sketching support and formal diagramming
Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction
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We describe a sketching system that allows users to create and manipulate directed graphs, such as those depicting state diagrams, using pen-input alone. The system exactly preserves the user's strokes, which may be entered in any order, and depicts them with a chalk texture to evoke a blackboard metaphor. The system automatically interprets the geometry of the sketch, distinguishing vertices, edges, and arrow heads, then tacitly imparts the intended graph semantics based on the two-dimensional placement of these elements. Once drawn, the user can manipulate the directed graph gesturally using the pen. The system responds to vertices or edges being picked and dragged by adjusting all adjacent edges appropriately. The original appearance of the hand-drawn vertices and edges is maintained even while their shapes are continually morphed in response to rearrangement of these elements. All edges exhibit shape memory, which is the proclivity to return to their original hand-drawn shape despite repeated stretching and compression.