Principles of interactive computer graphics (2nd ed.)
Principles of interactive computer graphics (2nd ed.)
Beyond the chalkboard: computer support for collaboration and problem solving in meetings
Communications of the ACM
Issues in combining marking and direct manipulation techniques
UIST '91 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Tivoli: an electronic whiteboard for informal workgroup meetings
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A perceptually-supported sketch editor
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Creating solid models from single 2D sketches
SMA '95 Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications
Pen computing: a technology overview and a vision
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Recognition accuracy and user acceptance of pen interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Ambiguous intentions: a paper-like interface for creative design
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SILK: sketching interfaces like krazy
Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The design of a GUI paradigm based on tablets, two-hands, and transparency
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
User acceptance of handwritten recognition accuracy
CHI '94 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interactive beautification: a technique for rapid geometric design
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Beyond paper: supporting active reading with free form digital ink annotations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Survey of the state of the art in human language technology
Survey of the state of the art in human language technology
Spatial interpretation of domain objects integrated into a freeform electronic whiteboard
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
An interface for sketching 3D curves
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Flatland: new dimensions in office whiteboards
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An automatic beautifier for drawings and illustrations
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Perceptual user interfaces: multimodal interfaces that process what comes naturally
Communications of the ACM
Visual similarity of pen gestures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DENIM: finding a tighter fit between tools and practice for Web site design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sitemaps, storyboards, and specifications: a sketch of Web site design practice
DIS '00 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
SATIN: a toolkit for informal ink-based applications
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Surface drawing: creating organic 3D shapes with the hand and tangible tools
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A suggestive interface for 3D drawing
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
More than dotting the i's --- foundations for crossing-based interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Symbol Recognition by Error-Tolerant Subgraph Matching between Region Adjacency Graphs
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Graph Algorithms and Computer Vision
Diagrammatic Reasoning: Cognitive and Computational Perspectives
Diagrammatic Reasoning: Cognitive and Computational Perspectives
Recognizing creative needs in user interface design
C&C '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Creativity & cognition
Sketching for military courses of action diagrams
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Providing integrated toolkit-level support for ambiguity in recognition-based interfaces
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Smooth meshes for sketch-based freeform modeling
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
User Interfaces for On-Line Diagram Recognition
GREC '01 Selected Papers from the Fourth International Workshop on Graphics Recognition Algorithms and Applications
Bringing the Marks on a Whiteboard to Electronic Life
CoBuild '99 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Cooperative Buildings, Integrating Information, Organization, and Architecture
Acoustic radar graphic input device
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Ambiguity in Visual Language Theory and its Role in Diagram Parsing
VL '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages
Efficient analysis of complex diagrams using constraint-based parsing
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2
The right tool at the right time: investigation of freehand drawing as an interface to knowledge-based design tools
Discerning Structure from Freeform Handwritten Notes
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Paper augmented digital documents
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Perceptually-supported image editing of text and graphics
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Stylus input and editing without prior selection of mode
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sketch based interfaces: early processing for sketch understanding
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A suggestive interface for image guided 3D sketching
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
MathPad2: a system for the creation and exploration of mathematical sketches
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
CrossY: a crossing-based drawing application
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SketchREAD: a multi-domain sketch recognition engine
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Where the wild things work: capturing shared physical design workspaces
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Design and analysis of delimiters for selection-action pen gesture phrases in scriboli
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Experimental analysis of mode switching techniques in pen-based user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluation of multimodal input for entering mathematical equations on the computer
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A sketch-based interface for detail-preserving mesh editing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Low-cost multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflection
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Appearance-preserving manipulation of hand-drawn graphs
GRAPHITE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Sketch Grammars: A Formalism for Describing and Recognizing Diagrammatic Sketch Languages
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Modeling plant structures using concept sketches
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Rough and ready prototypes: lessons from graphic design
CHI '92 Posters and Short Talks of the 1992 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Pen-based styling design of 3D geometry using concept sketches and template models
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling
Flow selection: a time-based selection and operation technique for sketching tools
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Investigating user tolerance for errors in vision-enabled gesture-based interactions
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
SmoothSketch: 3D free-form shapes from complex sketches
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ModelCraft: capturing freehand annotations and edits on physical 3D models
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Quiet interfaces that help students think
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sketching with Conceptual Metaphors to Explain Computational Processes
VLHCC '06 Proceedings of the Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
Sketch understanding: toward natural interaction toward natural interaction
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Effective Prototyping for Software Makers
Effective Prototyping for Software Makers
PaperPoint: a paper-based presentation and interactive paper prototyping tool
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
MEMENTO: a digital-physical scrapbook for memory sharing
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing - Memory and Sharing of Experiences
Supporting Generic Sketching-Based Input of Diagrams in a Domain-Specific Visual Language Meta-Tool
ICSE '07 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Software Engineering
Sketch Interpretation Using Multiscale Models of Temporal Patterns
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Sketch interpretation using multiscale stochastic models of temporal patterns
Sketch interpretation using multiscale stochastic models of temporal patterns
FiberMesh: designing freeform surfaces with 3D curves
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Plushie: an interactive design system for plush toys
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Hybrid infrared and visible light projection for location tracking
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Gestures without libraries, toolkits or training: a $1 recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sketching reality: Realistic interpretation of architectural designs
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
K-sketch: a 'kinetic' sketch pad for novice animators
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ILoveSketch: as-natural-as-possible sketching system for creating 3d curve models
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sketchpad: a man-machine graphical communication system
AFIPS '63 (Spring) Proceedings of the May 21-23, 1963, spring joint computer conference
Sketch-based educational games: "drawing" kids away from traditional interfaces
IDC '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Interaction design and children
A toolkit approach to sketched diagram recognition
BCS-HCI '07 Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: HCI...but not as we know it - Volume 1
How designers design and program interactive behaviors
VLHCC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
Perceptually based learning of shape descriptions for sketch recognition
AAAI'04 Proceedings of the 19th national conference on Artifical intelligence
A curvature estimation for pen input segmentation in sketch-based modeling
Computer-Aided Design
An image-based, trainable symbol recognizer for hand-drawn sketches
Computers and Graphics
LADDER, a sketching language for user interface developers
Computers and Graphics
Combining geometry and domain knowledge to interpret hand-drawn diagrams
Computers and Graphics
A freehand sketching interface for progressive construction of 3D objects
Computers and Graphics
Design sketches and sketch design tools
Knowledge-Based Systems
An adjacency grammar to recognize symbols and gestures in a digital pen framework
IbPRIA'05 Proceedings of the Second Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part II
An efficient graph-based symbol recognizer
SBM'06 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Visual languages and visual thinking: sketch based interaction and modeling
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Games for sketch data collection
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Mirrored message wall: sharing between real and virtual space
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A lightweight multistroke recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
Software design sketching with calico
Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering
The power of automatic feature selection: Rubine on steroids
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
Rata.SSR: data mining for pertinent stroke recognizers
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
GAMBIT: Addressing multi-platform collaborative sketching with html5
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Addressing multi-platform collaborative sketching
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Small gestures go a long way: how many bits per gesture do recognizers actually need?
Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
User interface design by collaborative sketching
Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
Geological storytelling: graphically exploring and communicating geological sketches
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Nomadic gestures: A technique for reusing gesture commands for frequent ambient interactions
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
Assessing lag perception in electronic sketching
Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design
Special Section on Expressive Graphics: Geological storytelling
Computers and Graphics
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies
Electronic sketching on a multi-platform context: A pilot study with developers
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
A technique to improve sketches of rich interactions
Proceedings of the 12th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Computational support for sketching is an exciting research area at the intersection of design research, human–computer interaction, and artificial intelligence. Despite the prevalence of software tools, most designers begin their work with physical sketches. Modern computational tools largely treat design as a linear process beginning with a specific problem and ending with a specific solution. Sketch-based design tools offer another approach that may fit design practice better. This review surveys literature related to such tools. First, we describe the practical basis of sketching — why people sketch, what significance it has in design and problem solving, and the cognitive activities it supports. Second, we survey computational support for sketching, including methods for performing sketch recognition and managing ambiguity, techniques for modeling recognizable elements, and human–computer interaction techniques for working with sketches. Last, we propose challenges and opportunities for future advances in this field.