Envisioning information
Communications of the ACM
Reflective conversation with materials
Bringing design to software
Ambiguous intentions: a paper-like interface for creative design
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A visual language for sketching large and complex interactive designs
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
INTERACTING with sketched interface designs: an evaluation study
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Necessity of methodologies to model Rich Internet Applications
WSE '05 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution
Informal prototyping of continuous graphical interactions by demonstration
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Designers' use of paper and the implications for informal tools
OZCHI '05 Proceedings of the 17th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Citizens Online: Considerations for Today and the Future
Rough and ready prototypes: lessons from graphic design
CHI '92 Posters and Short Talks of the 1992 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing Interactions
Designing for Interaction: Creating Smart Applications and Clever Devices (VOICES)
Designing for Interaction: Creating Smart Applications and Clever Devices (VOICES)
A computer support tool for the early stages of architectural design
Interacting with Computers
COVER STORY: Pencils before pixels: a primer in hand-generated sketching
interactions - Pencils before pixels: a primer in hand-generated sketching
Where all the interaction is: sketching in interaction design as an embodied practice
Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Designing interactive systems
interactions - Design Fiction
Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design
Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design
The Art of the Storyboard, Second Edition: A filmmaker's introduction
The Art of the Storyboard, Second Edition: A filmmaker's introduction
Computational Support for Sketching in Design: A Review
Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction
How to support designers in getting hold of the immaterial material of software
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multi-fidelity prototyping of user interfaces
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
Sketching beyond paper and pencil: lessons learned from using Sketchify
DESIRE '10 Proceedings of the 1st DESIRE Network Conference on Creativity and Innovation in Design
Communicating Design: Developing Web Site Documentation for Design and Planning
Communicating Design: Developing Web Site Documentation for Design and Planning
Undercover User Experience Design
Undercover User Experience Design
Sketching User Experiences: The Workbook
Sketching User Experiences: The Workbook
Shape-based versus sketch-based UI prototyping: a comparative study
Proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Symposium on on Human Factors in Computing Systems and the 5th Latin American Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
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Sketching is considered a core activity in design and is a well-established practice in many areas of design. Interaction design is a new field of design that poses challenges for sketching, due to particular characteristics of the field such as being dynamic and "immaterial". In this study we focus on screen-based interactions, and particularly on rich interactions. To overcome these challenges one approach that has not been much explored is trying to improve sketches of interaction done on paper. With this in mind we propose ActionSketch, a technique that tries to accomplish this and is composed of four parts: frames, colors, symbols and rules. To validate the technique we conducted four workshops with 24 professionals, followed by a period of continued use of approximately three weeks. Our findings confirmed the need for better representations of interactions on sketches, offered insights into the benefits of using the proposed technique and indicated some opportunities for improvement. One major point for discussion is how the technique extends the current practice of sketching, and how it benefits from doing so.