Preserving knowledge in design projects: what designers need to know
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interactive sketching for the early stages of user interface design
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Bricks: laying the foundations for graspable user interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
PaperLink: a technique for hyperlinking from real paper to electronic content
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Linking and messaging from real paper in the Paper PDA
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Is paper safer? The role of paper flight strips in air traffic control
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on interface design for safety-critical interactive systems: when there is no room for user error
DENIM: finding a tighter fit between tools and practice for Web site design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sitemaps, storyboards, and specifications: a sketch of Web site design practice
DIS '00 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Creating tangible interfaces by augmenting physical objects with multimodal language
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
DEMAIS: designing multimedia applications with interactive storyboards
MULTIMEDIA '01 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia
The missing link: augmenting biology laboratory notebooks
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
How designers transform keywords into visual images
C&C '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Creativity & cognition
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Myth of the Paperless Office
The Myth of the Paperless Office
Paper augmented digital documents
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Heuristic evaluation: Comparing ways of finding and reporting usability problems
Interacting with Computers
PICTIOL: a case study in participatory design
OZCHI '06 Proceedings of the 18th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Design: Activities, Artefacts and Environments
Designing for collaborative creative problem solving
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
NiCEBook: supporting natural note taking
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Animated paper: A toolkit for building moving toys
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Special Issue: Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology
Collaborative sketching with distributed displays and multimodal interfaces
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Supporting creativity workshops with interactive tabletops and digital pen and paper
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Affinitytable - a hybrid surface for supporting affinity diagramming
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part III
Designing reality-based interfaces for creative group work
C&C '11 Proceedings of the 8th ACM conference on Creativity and cognition
Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design
A technique to improve sketches of rich interactions
Proceedings of the 12th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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While informal tools can benefit early design, their use requires that a designer surrender the richer affordances of physical tools. To better understand the importance of physical tools for early design, we conducted contextual interviews with twelve designers. We found that paper is an integral part of the early design process and argue that informal tools will not realize their full potential unless they provide similar benefits. We recommend that informal tools provide a mechanism to connect the use of physical tools to complement their electronic interfaces. We discuss several mechanisms and use lessons from our study to evaluate their relative strengths and weaknesses, concluding that a digital ink interface would be most effective. A realistic scenario involving a digital ink interface is evaluated. Results confirm our design rationale and suggest that a digital ink interface would benefit existing design practice.