Interactive sketching for the early stages of user interface design
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing large-scale Web sites: a visual design methodology
Designing large-scale Web sites: a visual design methodology
From Web press to Web pressure: multimedia representations and multimedia publishing
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Evolution, not revolution: participatory design in the toolbelt era
Computers and design in context
Information architecture for the World Wide Web
Information architecture for the World Wide Web
Web navigation: designing the user experience
Web navigation: designing the user experience
DENIM: finding a tighter fit between tools and practice for Web site design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Making sharing pervasive: ubiquitous computing for shared note taking
IBM Systems Journal
Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity
Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Rough and ready prototypes: lessons from graphic design
CHI '92 Posters and Short Talks of the 1992 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The designers' outpost: a tangible interface for collaborative web site
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Where do web sites come from?: capturing and interacting with design history
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A visual language for sketching large and complex interactive designs
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Statistical profiles of highly-rated web sites
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A system based on XML for supporting the management of educational web sites
ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review
Supporting experimentation with Side-Views
Communications of the ACM
Side views: persistent, on-demand previews for open-ended tasks
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
IEEE Internet Computing
DENIM: an informal tool for early stage web site design
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
End-user perceptions of formal and informal representations of web sites
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Ethnography, Evaluation, and Design as Integrated Strategies: A Case Study from WES
ECDL '01 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries
Prototypes in web-site design: representations with political agenda
The usability business
Web site designs: influences of designer's expertise and design constraints
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
IHM '02 Proceedings of the 14th French-speaking conference on Human-computer interaction (Conférence Francophone sur l'Interaction Homme-Machine)
Variation in element and action: supporting simultaneous development of alternative solutions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Communication functions and the adaptation of design representations in interdisciplinary teams
DIS '04 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Designers' use of paper and the implications for informal tools
OZCHI '05 Proceedings of the 17th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Citizens Online: Considerations for Today and the Future
How bodies matter: five themes for interaction design
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
Articulation of web site design constraints: Effects of the task and designers' expertise
Computers in Human Behavior
Employing patterns and layers for early-stage design and prototyping of cross-device user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
More natural end-user software engineering
Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on End-user software engineering
Where all the interaction is: sketching in interaction design as an embodied practice
Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Designing interactive systems
Performing Domain Analysis for Model-Driven Software Reuse
ICSR '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Software Reuse: High Confidence Software Reuse in Large Systems
DENIM: an informal web site design tool inspired by observations of practice
Human-Computer Interaction
Behaviour & Information Technology
Query based optimal web site clustering using simulated annealing
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services
Getting inspired!: understanding how and why examples are used in creative design practice
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Effect of fidelity in diagram presentation
BCS-HCI '08 Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 1
Multimodality and parallelism in design interaction: co-designers' alignment and coalitions
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Cooperative Systems Design: Seamless Integration of Artifacts and Conversations -- Enhanced Concepts of Infrastructure for Communication
Use-Cases Engineering with UC Workbench
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Software Engineering: Evolution and Emerging Technologies
Computational Support for Sketching in Design: A Review
Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction
Website Designer as an Evaluator: A Formative Evaluation Method for Website Interface Development
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends
Supporting Multidisciplinary Teams and Early Design Stages Using Storyboards
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends
Designing with interactive example galleries
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
How to support designers in getting hold of the immaterial material of software
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Modeling web quality using a probabilistic approach: An empirical validation
ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB)
User interface design by sketching: a complexity analysis of widget representations
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Model driven development of user interface prototypes: an integrated approach
Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume
iNkDraw: physical ink-based interface for capturing and manipulating drawings on digital display
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction
A Survey of Requirements Specification in Model-Driven Development of Web Applications
ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB)
Understanding interaction design practices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
AppMap: exploring user interface visualizations
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2011
Playbook: revision control and comparison for interactive mockups
IS-EUD'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on End-user development
Data-driven interactions for web design
Adjunct proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Compiling mockups to flexible UIs
Proceedings of the 2013 9th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering
Visually modelling data intensive web applications to assist end-user development
Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction
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Through a study of web site design practice, we observed that designers employ multiple representations of web sites as they progress through the design process, and that these representations allow them to focus on different aspects of the design. Designers also employ multiple tools during the course of a project, including graphic design, web development, presentation, and word processing software, as well as pen and paper. Sketching on paper is especially important during the design exploration phase of a project, when designers wish to explore many design possibilities quickly without focusing on low-level details. Web site design tools intended to support the early phases of the design process should employ informal interaction techniques, should support multiple site representations, and should integrate well with other applications that designers use regularly.