Designing for usability: key principles and what designers think
Communications of the ACM
CHI '86 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An empirical comparison of pie vs. linear menus
CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Communications of the ACM
Pad++: a zooming graphical interface for exploring alternate interface physics
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A perceptually-supported sketch editor
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Notes on design practice: stories and prototypes as catalysts for communication
Scenario-based design
Interactive sketching for the early stages of user interface design
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The role of the artist-designer
Bringing design to software
Designing large-scale Web sites: a visual design methodology
Designing large-scale Web sites: a visual design methodology
Local tools: an alternative to tool palettes
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Ambiguous intentions: a paper-like interface for creative design
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Anecdote: a multimedia storyboarding system with seamless authoring support
MULTIMEDIA '96 Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Sketching storyboards to illustrate interface behaviors
Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
From Web press to Web pressure: multimedia representations and multimedia publishing
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Pen-based interaction techniques for organizing material on an electronic whiteboard
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Evolution, not revolution: participatory design in the toolbelt era
Computers and design in context
Beyond paper: supporting active reading with free form digital ink annotations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Contextual design: defining customer-centered systems
Contextual design: defining customer-centered systems
Information architecture for the World Wide Web
Information architecture for the World Wide Web
PatchWork: a software tool for early design
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Critical zones in desert fog: aids to multiscale navigation
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A dynamic grouping technique for ink and audio notes
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Web navigation: designing the user experience
Web navigation: designing the user experience
Implications for a gesture design tool
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
NotePals: lightweight note sharing by the group, for the group
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DENIM: finding a tighter fit between tools and practice for Web site design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Making sharing pervasive: ubiquitous computing for shared note taking
IBM Systems Journal
Sitemaps, storyboards, and specifications: a sketch of Web site design practice
DIS '00 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Suede: a Wizard of Oz prototyping tool for speech user interfaces
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SATIN: a toolkit for informal ink-based applications
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
WebQuilt: a framework for capturing and visualizing the web experience
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
WebQuilt: A proxy-based approach to remote web usability testing
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The designers' outpost: a tangible interface for collaborative web site
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Where do web sites come from?: capturing and interacting with design history
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A visual language for sketching large and complex interactive designs
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity
Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction
IEEE Intelligent Systems
End-user perceptions of formal and informal representations of web sites
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Rough and ready prototypes: lessons from graphic design
CHI '92 Posters and Short Talks of the 1992 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
What did they do? understanding clickstreams with the WebQuilt visualization system
Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
SketchREAD: a multi-domain sketch recognition engine
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SHARK2: a large vocabulary shorthand writing system for pen-based computers
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SoftVis '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Software visualization
Flexible timeline user interface using constraints
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sketch-based rapid prototyping platform for hardware-software integrated interactive products
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
InkKit: a generic design tool for the tablet PC
CHINZ '05 Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI New Zealand chapter's international conference on Computer-human interaction: making CHI natural
Beautifying sketching-based design tool content: issues and experiences
AUIC '05 Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian conference on User interface - Volume 40
Informal prototyping of continuous graphical interactions by demonstration
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Hover widgets: using the tracking state to extend the capabilities of pen-operated devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
External representations in ubiquitous computing design and the implications for design tools
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
"But where's the spec?": learning through collaborative development & discovery
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Southeast regional conference - Volume 1
PICTIOL: a case study in participatory design
OZCHI '06 Proceedings of the 18th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Design: Activities, Artefacts and Environments
SketchREAD: a multi-domain sketch recognition engine
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses
Towards useful and usable interaction design tools: CanonSketch
Interacting with Computers
SketchWizard: Wizard of Oz prototyping of pen-based user interfaces
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
VoicePen: augmenting pen input with simultaneous non-linguisitic vocalization
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
SVSb: simple and visual storyboards: developing a visualisation method for depicting user scenarios
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
Levels of formality in diagram presentation
OZCHI '07 Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces
An agent-based framework for sketched symbol interpretation
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
K-sketch: a 'kinetic' sketch pad for novice animators
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Employing patterns and layers for early-stage design and prototyping of cross-device user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Calico: a prototype sketching tool for modeling in early design
Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Models in software engineering
Designing a sketch recognition front-end: user perception of interface elements
SBIM '07 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling
Design planning by end-user web developers
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Multi-fidelity User Interface Specifications
Interactive Systems. Design, Specification, and Verification
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction
A toolkit approach to sketched diagram recognition
BCS-HCI '07 Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: HCI...but not as we know it - Volume 1
Effect of fidelity in diagram presentation
BCS-HCI '08 Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 1
MakeIt: Integrate User Interaction Times in the Design Process of Mobile Applications
Pervasive '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Technical perspective: Design tools for the rest of us
Communications of the ACM - Finding the Fun in Computer Science Education
Picking Up Artifacts: Storyboarding as a Gateway to Reuse
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
Modelling form-based interfaces with bipartite state machines
Interacting with Computers
Inspector: method and tool for visual UI specification
HCI '08 Proceedings of the Third IASTED International Conference on Human Computer Interaction
Generating systems from multiple sketched models
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
FrameWire: a tool for automatically extracting interaction logic from paper prototyping tests
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
How to support designers in getting hold of the immaterial material of software
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Trainable sketch recognizer for graphical user interface design
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
Multi-fidelity prototyping of user interfaces
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
ERCIM'06 Proceedings of the 9th conference on User interfaces for all
SketchiXML: a design tool for informal user interface rapid prototyping
RISE'06 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Rapid integration of software engineering techniques
Gesture search: a tool for fast mobile data access
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Do predictions of visual perception aid design?
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
The state of the art in end-user software engineering
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Don't drop it!: pick it up and storyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Estendendo a linguagem MoLIC para o projeto conjunto de interação e interface
Proceedings of the IX Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Online composite sketchy shape recognition based on bayesian networks
ICNC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part II
Informal user interface for graphical computing
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Scenario-Based interactive intention understanding in pen-based user interfaces
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
A sketching tool for designing anyuser, anyplatform, anywhere user interfaces
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Adaptive online multi-stroke sketch recognition based on hidden markov model
ICMLC'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Advances in Machine Learning and Cybernetics
“Designing for the web” revisited: a survey of informal and experienced web developers
ICWE'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Web Engineering
Draw me a storyboard: incorporating principles & techniques of comics...
BCS '10 Proceedings of the 24th BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference
CanonSketch: a user-centered tool for canonical abstract prototyping
EHCI-DSVIS'04 Proceedings of the 2004 international conference on Engineering Human Computer Interaction and Interactive Systems
PhysicsBook: a sketch-based interface for animating physics diagrams
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Investigating annotation in electronic paper-prototypes
DSVIS'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Interactive Systems: design, specification, and verification
Dynamic user modeling for sketch-based user interface
Edutainment'06 Proceedings of the First international conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment
A UML-based tool for designing user interfaces
UML'04 Proceedings of the 2004 international conference on UML Modeling Languages and Applications
A UML-based tool for designing user interfaces
UML Modeling Languages and Applications
GAMBIT: Addressing multi-platform collaborative sketching with html5
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Addressing multi-platform collaborative sketching
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
User interface design by collaborative sketching
Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
A web-centred approach to end-user software engineering
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) - Testing, debugging, and error handling, formal methods, lifecycle concerns, evolution and maintenance
Electronic sketching on a multi-platform context: A pilot study with developers
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Through a study of Web site design practice, we observed that designers employ multiple representations of Web sites as they progress through the design process and that these representations allow them to focus on different aspects of the design. In particular, we observed that Web site designers focus their design efforts at 3 different levels of granularity--site map, storyboard, and individual page--and that designers sketch at all levels during the early stages of design. Sketching on paper is especially important during the early phases of a project, when designers wish to explore many design possibilities quickly without focusing on low-level details. Existing Web design tools do not support such exploration tasks well, nor do they adequately integrate multiple site representations. Informed by these observations we developed DENIM: an informal Web site design tool that supports early phase information and navigation design of Web sites. It supports sketching input, allows design at different levels of granularity, and unifies the levels through zooming. Designers are able to interact with their sketched designs as if in a Web browser, thus allowing rapid creation and exploration of interactive prototypes. Based on an evaluation with professional designers as well as usage feedback from users who have downloaded DENIM from the Internet, we have made numerous improvements to the system and have received many positive reactions from designers who would like to use a system like DENIM in their work.