Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Recognizing multistroke geometric shapes: an experimental evaluation
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the workshop on agent theories, architectures, and languages on Intelligent agents
ECAI-94 Proceedings of the workshop on agent theories, architectures, and languages on Intelligent agents
Smart mediators and intelligent agents (panel)
CIKM '96 Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Generating multiple new designs from a sketch
Artificial Intelligence
Using Diagram Generation Software to Improve Diagram Recognition: A Case Study of Music Notation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
SATIN: a toolkit for informal ink-based applications
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
An Agent Model for the Resolution of Feature Conflicts in Telephony
Journal of Network and Systems Management
A Roadmap of Agent Research and Development
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Extraction of Informations from Highly Heterogeneous Sources of Textual Data
CIA '97 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Cooperative Information Agents
Lexical Categorical Disambiguation using a Multi-Agent Systems Architecture
ICMAS '98 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Multi Agent Systems
A Manifesto for Agent Technology: Towards Next Generation Computing
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Challenges and Research Directions in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Sketched Symbol Recognition using Zernike Moments
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 1 - Volume 01
A multimodal learning interface for sketch, speak and point creation of a schedule chart
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Hierarchical parsing and recognition of hand-sketched diagrams
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SketchREAD: a multi-domain sketch recognition engine
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Generative Models and Bayesian Model Comparison for Shape Recognition
IWFHR '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
A framework for modeling and implementing visual notations with applications to software engineering
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Online Segmentation of Freehand Stroke by Dynamic Programming
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Sketch Grammars: A Formalism for Describing and Recognizing Diagrammatic Sketch Languages
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
An Agent-Based Framework for Context-Driven Interpretation of Symbols in Diagrammatic Sketches
VLHCC '06 Proceedings of the Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
A Multi-layer Parsing Strategy for On-line Recognition of Hand-drawn Diagrams
VLHCC '06 Proceedings of the Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
Anatomical sketch understanding: Recognizing explicit and implicit structure
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Guest Editors' Introduction: Sketch-Based Interaction
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Sketch Interpretation Using Multiscale Models of Temporal Patterns
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
DENIM: an informal web site design tool inspired by observations of practice
Human-Computer Interaction
Dynamically constructed Bayes nets for multi-domain sketch understanding
IJCAI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
A freehand-sketch environment for architectural design supported by a multi-agent system
Computers and Graphics
An image-based, trainable symbol recognizer for hand-drawn sketches
Computers and Graphics
LADDER, a sketching language for user interface developers
Computers and Graphics
Combining geometry and domain knowledge to interpret hand-drawn diagrams
Computers and Graphics
Mulitmodal interaction for distributed interactive simulation
AAAI'97/IAAI'97 Proceedings of the fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence and ninth conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
A fuzzy hierarchical attributed graph approach for handwritten hieroglyphs description
CAIP'05 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns
Reasoning about Hand-Drawn Sketches: An Approach Based on Intelligent Software Agents
VISUAL '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Visual Information Systems: Web-Based Visual Information Search and Management
SketchML a representation language for novel sketch recognition approach
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
A Novel Recognition Approach for Sketch-Based Interfaces
ICIAP '09 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
An Agent-Based Paradigm for Free-Hand Sketch Recognition
AI*IA '09: Proceedings of the XIth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence Reggio Emilia on Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence
A new paradigm based on agents applied to free-hand sketch recognition
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Investigative analysis across documents and drawings: visual analytics for archaeologists
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
Rock art interpretation within indiana MAS
KES-AMSTA'12 Proceedings of the 6th KES international conference on Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: technologies and applications
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Recognizing hand-sketched symbols is a definitely complex problem. The input drawings are often intrinsically ambiguous, and require context to be interpreted in a correct way. Many existing sketch recognition systems avoid this problem by recognizing single segments or simple geometric shapes in a stroke. However, for a recognition system to be effective and precise, context must be exploited, and both the simplifications on the sketch features, and the constraints under which recognition may take place, must be reduced to the minimum. In this paper, we present an agent-based framework for sketched symbol interpretation that heavily exploits contextual information for ambiguity resolution. Agents manage the activity of low-level hand-drawn symbol recognizers, that may be heterogeneous for better adapting to the characteristics of each symbol to be recognized, and coordinate themselves in order to exchange contextual information, thus leading to an efficient and precise interpretation of sketches. We also present AgentSketch, a multi-domain sketch recognition system implemented according to the proposed framework. A first experimental evaluation has been performed on the domain of UML Use Case Diagrams to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.