Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
LeRec: a NN/HMM hybrid for on-line handwriting recognition
Neural Computation
Generating multiple new designs from a sketch
Artificial Intelligence
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
On Comparing Classifiers: Pitfalls toAvoid and a Recommended Approach
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data
ICML '01 Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
ICML '04 Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning
Hierarchical parsing and recognition of hand-sketched diagrams
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SketchREAD: a multi-domain sketch recognition engine
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Contextual Recognition of Hand-Drawn Diagrams with Conditional Random Fields
IWFHR '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
A Dynamic Conditional Random Field Model for Object Segmentation in Image Sequences
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Clustering with a minimum spanning tree of scale-free-like structure
Pattern Recognition Letters
Conditional Random People: Tracking Humans with CRFs and Grid Filters
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
Hidden Conditional Random Fields for Gesture Recognition
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Minimum Spanning Tree Based Clustering Algorithms
ICTAI '06 Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence
Sketch Interpretation Using Multiscale Models of Temporal Patterns
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Graph-Theoretical Methods for Detecting and Describing Gestalt Clusters
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Hidden Conditional Random Fields
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An agent-based framework for sketched symbol interpretation
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Envisioning sketch recognition: a local feature based approach to recognizing informal sketches
Envisioning sketch recognition: a local feature based approach to recognizing informal sketches
Sketch recognition in interspersed drawings using time-based graphical models
Computers and Graphics
Adaptive spatial information-theoretic clustering for image segmentation
Pattern Recognition
Drinking activity analysis from fast food eating video using generative models
CEA '09 Proceedings of the ACM multimedia 2009 workshop on Multimedia for cooking and eating activities
A visual approach to sketched symbol recognition
IJCAI'09 Proceedings of the 21st international jont conference on Artifical intelligence
Human Action Recognition Using Latent-Dynamic Condition Random Fields
AICI '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence - Volume 03
Conditional sequence model for context-based recognition of gaze aversion
MLMI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Machine learning for multimodal interaction
Hand-drawn face sketch recognition by humans and a PCA-based algorithm for forensic applications
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans - Special issue on recent advances in biometrics
Sketched Symbol Recognition with a Latent-Dynamic Conditional Model
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Matching Forensic Sketches to Mug Shot Photos
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Sketch recognition by fusion of temporal and image-based features
Pattern Recognition
Grammar-based techniques for creating ground-truthed sketch corpora
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition - Special Issue on Performance Evaluation
Bringing Sketch Recognition into Your Hands
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Loopy belief propagation for approximate inference: an empirical study
UAI'99 Proceedings of the Fifteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence
Learning group activity in soccer videos from local motion
ACCV'09 Proceedings of the 9th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Rock art interpretation within indiana MAS
KES-AMSTA'12 Proceedings of the 6th KES international conference on Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: technologies and applications
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In this paper we propose a two-stage method for recognizing sketched symbols that combine the use of a discriminative model, for labeling symbol strokes and a distance-based clustering algorithm, for grouping the labels belonging to the same symbol. In the first stage, we employ Latent-Dynamic Conditional Random Field (LDCRF), a discriminative model able to analyze the features of unsegmented sequences of strokes by taking into account spatio-temporal information, and to classify the symbol parts by considering contextual information. In the second stage, the labels obtained from LDCRF are grouped into symbol labels by using a distance-based clustering algorithm which takes into account the geometric relationships among strokes. The effectiveness of our method has been evaluated on the domain of electric circuit diagrams achieving accuracy values varying between 81.3% and 91.0%.