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SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
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ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Electronic art and animation catalog
3-Draw: A Tool for Designing 3D Shapes
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Surface Drawing
Creating principal 3D curves with digital tape drawing
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VRST '01 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Interaction styles in development tools for virtual reality applications
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Layered acting for character animation
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VisionWand: interaction techniques for large displays using a passive wand tracked in 3D
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I/O brush: drawing with everyday objects as ink
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A taxonomy for and analysis of tangible interfaces
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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Immersive Design of DNA Molecules with a Tangible Interface
VIS '04 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '04
Bender: a virtual ribbon for deforming 3D shapes in biomedical and styling applications
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AUIC '05 Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian conference on User interface - Volume 40
Free hand stroke based virtual sketching, deformation and sculpting of NURBS surface
Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence
An interface for virtual 3D sculpting via physical proxy
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Environments for creativity: a lab for making things
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Modeling with rendering primitives: an interactive non-photorealistic canvas
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Handsaw: tangible exploration of volumetric data by direct cut-plane projection
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Digital foam interaction techniques for 3D modeling
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AR-Jig: A Handheld Tangible User Interface for Modification of 3D Digital Form via 2D Physical Curve
ISMAR '07 Proceedings of the 2007 6th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
A survey of sketch-based 3-D modeling techniques
Interacting with Computers
Computational Support for Sketching in Design: A Review
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ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Aesthetics in Human-Computer Interaction: Views and Reviews
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Intuitive Change of 3D Wand Function in Surface Design
VMR '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Virtual and Mixed Reality: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Generating 3D architectural models based on hand motion and gesture
Computers in Industry
Progressive surface modelling scheme from unorganised curves
Computer-Aided Design
Spatial sketch: bridging between movement & fabrication
Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
LayerPaint: a multi-layer interactive 3D painting interface
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Shape modeling with sketched feature lines in immersive 3D environments
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Investigating the learnability of immersive free-hand sketching
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OverCoat: an implicit canvas for 3D painting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Progressive surface modeling based on 3D motion sketch
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Data miming: inferring spatial object descriptions from human gesture
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3D sketching using interactive fabric for tangible and bimanual input
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Modeling of trees with interactive l-system and 3d gestures
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Easigami: virtual creation by physical folding
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Modeling of trees with 3D gestures and growth simulation
EGVE'05 Proceedings of the 11th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Tangible 3D: hand gesture interaction for immersive 3D modeling
EGVE'05 Proceedings of the 11th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
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SIGGRAPH Asia 2012 Technical Briefs
AR pen and hand gestures: a new tool for pen drawings
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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AUIC '12 Proceedings of the Thirteenth Australasian User Interface Conference - Volume 126
Enhanced 3d sketch system incorporating "Life-size" and "Operability" functions
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Advanced cardboard modeling: exploring the aesthetics of the third way
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Surface Drawing is a system for creating organic 3D shapes in a manner which supports the needs and interests of artists. This medium facilitates the early stages of creative design which many 3D modeling programs neglect. Much like traditional media such as line drawing and painting, Surface Drawing lets users construct shapes through repeated marking. In our case, the hand is used to mark 3D space in a semi-immersive virtual environment. The interface is completed with tangible tools to edit and manipulate models. We introduce the use of tongs to move and scale 3D shapes and demonstrate a magnet tool which is comfortably held without restricting hand motion. We evaluated our system through collaboration with artists and designers, exhibition before hundreds of users, our own extensive exploration of the medium, and an informal user study. Response was especially positive from users with an artistic background.