Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Sculpting: an interactive volumetric modeling technique
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Passive real-world interface props for neurosurgical visualization
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Two-handed polygonal surface design
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
I3D '95 Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
HoloSketch: a virtual reality sketching/animation tool
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on virtual reality software and technology
Bricks: laying the foundations for graspable user interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Interactive multi-resolution modeling on arbitrary meshes
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Gesture VR: vision-based 3D hand interace for spatial interaction
MULTIMEDIA '98 Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Multimedia
3D object modeling using spatial and pictographic gestures
VRST '98 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Haptic sculpting of dynamic surfaces
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Implicit fairing of irregular meshes using diffusion and curvature flow
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Tangible interaction + graphical interpretation: a new approach to 3D modeling
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Virtual clay: a real-time sculpting system with haptic toolkits
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Surface drawing: creating organic 3D shapes with the hand and tangible tools
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Kizamu: a system for sculpting digital characters
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A suggestive interface for 3D drawing
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Illuminating clay: a 3-D tangible interface for landscape analysis
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
3-Draw: A Tool for Designing 3D Shapes
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Barehands: implement-free interaction with a wall-mounted display
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An interface for creating and manipulating curves using a high degree-of-freedom curve input device
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mesh Smoothing via Mean and Median Filtering Applied to Face Normals
GMP '02 Proceedings of the Geometric Modeling and Processing — Theory and Applications (GMP'02)
Global and local deformations of solid primitives
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SMI '03 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2003
VisionWand: interaction techniques for large displays using a passive wand tracked in 3D
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A suggestive interface for image guided 3D sketching
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sweepers: Swept User-Defined Tools for Modeling by Deformation
SMI '04 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2004
Swirling-Sweepers: Constant-Volume Modeling
PG '04 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics and Applications, 12th Pacific Conference
Multi-finger gestural interaction with 3d volumetric displays
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactive global and local deformations for virtual clay
Graphical Models - Special issue on pacific graphics 2003
A sketch-based interface for detail-preserving mesh editing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Twend: twisting and bending as new interaction gesture in mobile devices
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
HandNavigator: hands-on interaction for desktop virtual reality
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Prototyping digital clay as an active material
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction
Real-time hand-tracking with a color glove
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
An inflatable hemispherical multi-touch display
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
SnowGlobe: a spherical fish-tank VR display
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Recompose: direct and gestural interaction with an actuated surface
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
3D sketching using interactive fabric for tangible and bimanual input
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2011
deForm: an interactive malleable surface for capturing 2.5D arbitrary objects, tools and touch
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
KidCAD: digitally remixing toys through tangible tools
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Scan modeling: 3d modeling techniques using cross section of a shape
Proceedings of the 10th asia pacific conference on Computer human interaction
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
HAID'12 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design
BodyAvatar: creating freeform 3D avatars using first-person body gestures
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
RoCuModel: an iterative tangible modeling system
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
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We explore the design space of using direct finger input in conjunction with a deformable physical prop for the creation and manipulation of conceptual 3D geometric models. The user sculpts virtual models by manipulating the space on, into, and around the physical prop, in an extension of the types of manipulations one would perform on traditional modeling media such as clay or foam. The prop acts as a proxy to the virtual model and hence as a frame of reference to the user's fingers. A prototype implementation uses camera-based motion tracking technology to track passive markers on the fingers and prop. The interface supports a variety of clay-like sculpting operations including deforming, smoothing, pasting, and extruding. All operations are performed using the unconstrained fingers, with command input enabled by a small set of finger gestures coupled with on-screen widgets.