Nonvisual presentation of graphical user interfaces: contrasting two approaches
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A representational analysis of relational information displays
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Soundtrack: An Auditory Interface for Blind Users (Abstract Only)
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Tactile Graphics Revised: The Novel BrailleDis 9000 Pin-Matrix Device with Multitouch Input
ICCHP '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs
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When the visual channel of communication is unavailable because the user is blind, nonvisual user interfaces must be developed. The proposed methodology consists of three interrelated specification levels. Information and supported tasks are specified in abstract terms at the conceptual level, taking into account requirements imposed by manipulation of interaction devices and information provided by analysis of the visual representation. The perceptual structure of the auditory scene is specified next at the structural level and then the physical dimensions of sound are defined at the implementation level. The methodology is applied to the specification of a simple listbox widget.