Second-order complex random vectors and normal distributions
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
A robust timing and frequency synchronization for OFDM systems
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
The multivariate complex normal distribution-a generalization
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Performance of frame synchronization symbols for an OFDM-based wireless data communication system
DNCOCO'08 Proceedings of the 7th conference on Data networks, communications, computers
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In this paper the problem of data-aided symbol timing and frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems is considered. A synchronization scheme based on a pilot symbol containing two identical parts obtained by transmitting BPSK data symbols on the even subcarriers and setting zero on the remaining subcarriers is proposed. In this case, if the number of subcarriers is sufficiently large, the pilot symbol can be modeled as a noncircular (NC) complex Gaussian random vector (CGRV). By exploiting the joint probability density function of NC-CGRVs, the joint maximum likelihood estimator for the parameters of interest is derived. Since its implementation complexity is high, a simpler synchronization scheme is obtained. Moreover, refined symbol timing and frequency offset estimators, that assure relevant performance in multipath channels, are proposed.