Self-determination of work play asynchronous mobile communication
International Journal of Mobile Communications
Innovative ICT to improve student learning support: the case of an Austral-Asian University
International Journal of Learning Technology
Predicting Collaboration Technology Use: Integrating Technology Adoption and Collaboration Research
Journal of Management Information Systems
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We use Goffman's characterization of "front" and "backstage" interaction practices to analyze how the use of instant messaging in both face-to-face and technology-mediated meetings alters interaction boundaries. In an interview study of workers in two organizations, we found that workers used instant messaging during both face-to-face and technology-mediated meetings (1) to participate concurrently in "front" and "backstage" interactions, (2) to participate in multiple, concurrent, "backstage" conversations, and (3) to manage and influence front stage activities through concurrent backstage conversations. These interactions would be either physically impossible or socially constrained without the use of instant messaging. We draw on psychology, GSS, and communication studies to consider the implications for group effectiveness.