Quilt: a collaborative tool for cooperative writing
COCS '88 Proceedings of the ACM SIGOIS and IEEECS TC-OA 1988 conference on Office information systems
InterNote: extending a hypermedia framework to support annotative collaboration
HYPERTEXT '89 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Hypertext
Issues in the design of computer support for co-authoring and commenting
CSCW '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Annotation: from paper books to the digital library
DL '97 Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Digital libraries
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Anchored conversations: chatting in the context of a document
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using Web annotations for asynchronous collaboration around documents
CSCW '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Robust annotation positioning in digital documents
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Annotea: an open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
From personal to shared annotations
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Annotating digital documents for asynchronous collaboration
Annotating digital documents for asynchronous collaboration
Empirical Study on Collaborative Writing: What Do Co-authors Do, Use, and Like?
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Asynchronous collaborative writing through annotations
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Web History Tools and Revisitation Support: A Survey of Existing Approaches and Directions
Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction
Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Interface 2009 on Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Interaction. Part II: Held as part of HCI International 2009
Dandelion: supporting coordinated, collaborative authoring in Wikis
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Crowdsourced comprehension: predicting prerequisite structure in Wikipedia
Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Building Educational Applications Using NLP
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Most co-authoring tools support basic annotations, such as edits and comments that are anchored at specific locations in the document. However, they do not support meta-commentary about a document (such as an author's summary of modifications) which gets separated from the document, often in the body of email messages. This causes unnecessary overhead in the write-review-edit workflow inherent in co-authoring. We present document-embedded structured annotations called "bundles" that incorporate the meta-commentary into a unified annotation model that meets a set of annotation requirements we identified through a small field investigation. A usability study with 20 subjects evaluated the annotation reviewing stage of co-authoring and showed that annotation bundles in our high-fidelity prototype reduced reviewing time and increased accuracy, compared to a system that only supports edits and comments.