Computing with highly mixed states

  • Authors:
  • Andris Ambainis;Leonard J. Schulman;Umesh Vazirani

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, Ont., Waterloo, Canada;California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California;University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California

  • Venue:
  • Journal of the ACM (JACM)
  • Year:
  • 2006

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Abstract

Device initialization is a difficult challenge in some proposed realizations of quantum computers, and as such, must be treated as a computational resource. The degree of initialization can be quantified by k, the number of clean qubits in the initial state of the register. In this article, we show that unless m∈O(k + log n), oblivious (gate-by-gate) simulation of an ideal m-qubit quantum circuit by an n-qubit circuit with k clean qubits is impossible. Effectively, this indicates that there is no avoiding physical initialization of a quantity of qubits proportional to that required by the best ideal quantum circuit.