On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version)
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Operating system support for high-speed communication
Communications of the ACM
Lazy receiver processing (LRP): a network subsystem architecture for server systems
OSDI '96 Proceedings of the second USENIX symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Effects of buffering semantics on I/O performance
OSDI '96 Proceedings of the second USENIX symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Eliminating receive livelock in an interrupt-driven kernel
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
LINUX device drivers
HIP: hybrid interrupt-polling for the network interface
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Simulation Modeling and Analysis
Simulation Modeling and Analysis
EMP: zero-copy OS-bypass NIC-driven gigabit ethernet message passing
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
The APIC Approach to High Performance Network Interface Design: Protected DMA and Other Techniques
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
International Journal of Communication Systems
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Trapeze/IP: TCP/IP at near-gigabit speeds
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Modeling communication software execution for accurate simulation of distributed systems
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSIM conference on Principles of advanced discrete simulation
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Interrupt processing can be a major bottleneck in the end-to-end performance of high-speed networks. The performance of Gigabit network end hosts or servers can be severely degraded due to interrupt overhead caused by heavy incoming traffic. Under heavy network traffic, the system performance will be negatively affected due to interrupt overhead caused by the incoming traffic. In particular, excessive latency and significant degradation in system throughput can be experienced. In this paper, we present a throughput-delay analysis of such behavior. We develop analytical models based on queueing theory and Markov processes. In our analysis, we consider and model three systems: ideal, PIO, and DMA. In ideal system, the interrupt overhead is ignored. In PIO, DMA is disabled and copying of incoming packets is performed by the CPU. In DMA, copying of incoming packet is performed by DMA engines. For high-speed network hosts, both PIO and DMA can be desirable configuration options. The analysis yields insight into understanding and predicting the impact of system and network choices on the performance of interrupt-driven systems when subjected to light and heavy network loads. Simulations and reported experimental results show that our analytical models are valid and give a good approximation.