World Wide Web Journal - Special issue on advancing HTML: style and substance
The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine
WWW7 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on World Wide Web 7
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)
Automated analysis of P3P-enabled Web sites
ICEC '03 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Electronic commerce
Privacy in electronic commerce and the economics of immediate gratification
EC '04 Proceedings of the 5th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
P3P Adoption on E-Commerce Web sites: A Survey and Analysis
IEEE Internet Computing
Tracking website data-collection and privacy practices with the iWatch web crawler
Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Usable privacy and security
End-user privacy in human-computer interaction
Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction
Proposal of privacy policy matching engine
Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Digital identity management
A Privacy-Protecting Business-Analytics Service for On-Line Transactions
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
An analysis of privacy signals on the World Wide Web: Past, present and future
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A large-scale empirical study of P3P privacy policies: Stated actions vs. legal obligations
ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB)
Timing is everything?: the effects of timing and placement of online privacy indicators
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Practical declarative network management
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Research on enterprise networking
Privacy injector — automated privacy enforcement through aspects
PET'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Understanding privacy policies
Empirical Software Engineering
Privacy policies and national culture on the internet
Information Systems Frontiers
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Search engines play an important role in helping users find desired content. With the increasing deployment of computer-readable privacy policies encoded using the standard W3C Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) format, search engines also have the potential to help users identify web sites that will respect their privacy needs. We conducted a study of the quantity and quality of P3P-encoded privacy policies associated with top-20 search results from three popular search engines. We built a P3P-enabled search engine and used it to gather statistics on P3P adoption as well as the privacy landscape of the Internet as a whole. This search engine makes use of a privacy policy cache that we designed to facilitate fast searches. Using a list of "typical" search terms taken from AOL users' queries, we examined the trends in privacy policies that are returned from queries to the AOL, Google, and Yahoo! search engines. We then compared these results to results compiled after using "e-commerce search terms" from Google's Froogle service. We examined the top 20 search results returned by each search engine for each of the search terms and found at least one result with a P3P policy for 83% of the typical search terms. Overall we found that these typical search terms yielded P3P adoption rates of 10%. This contrasts with adoption rates of 21% percent when searching for e-commerce terms. Examining the content of the policies, we discovered that a minority of sites engage in direct marketing with or without a way of opting out, and that even fewer sites share personal information with other companies. Finally, we outline ways to increase P3P adoption rates as well as decrease policy errors.