Analysis of watermarking techniques for graph coloring problem
Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Software watermarking: models and dynamic embeddings
Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Watermarking, tamper-proffing, and obfuscation: tools for software protection
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Practical Method for Watermarking Java Programs
COMPSAC '00 24th International Computer Software and Applications Conference
Hiding Signatures in Graph Coloring Solutions
IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding
A Graph Theoretic Approach to Software Watermarking
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Cryptanalysis of UCLA Watermarking Schemes for Intellectual Property Protection
IH '02 Revised Papers from the 5th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Sandmark--A Tool for Software Protection Research
IEEE Security and Privacy
Securing Java through software watermarking
PPPJ '03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Principles and practice of programming in Java
Tamper-proofing software watermarks
ACSW Frontiers '04 Proceedings of the second workshop on Australasian information security, Data Mining and Web Intelligence, and Software Internationalisation - Volume 32
Dynamic path-based software watermarking
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2004 conference on Programming language design and implementation
A survey of software watermarking
ISI'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE international conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics
Algorithms to watermark software through register allocation
DRMTICS'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Digital Rights Management: technologies, Issues, Challenges and Systems
Applications of homomorphic functions to software obfuscation
WISI'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics
Recognition in software watermarking
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Contents protection and security
Properties of the Second Type of Covering-Based Rough Sets
WI-IATW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology
A semi-dynamic multiple watermarking schemefor java applications
Proceedings of the nineth ACM workshop on Digital rights management
Informed recognition in software watermarking
PAISI'07 Proceedings of the 2007 Pacific Asia conference on Intelligence and security informatics
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The widespread use of the Internet makes software piracy and unauthorized modification easier and more frequent. Among the many techniques developed for protecting software copyrights is software watermarking which embeds secret messages into software to identify its owners and developers. While digital watermarking for media such as video, audio, and text is a popular research field, software watermarking is still a relatively new scientific area. The key concepts in software watermarking are informal; some are even confusing. Formalizing these fundamental terms would facilitate the research in this field. In this paper, we formally define the following concepts involved in embedding watermarks into and extracting watermarks from a program in software watermarking: embedding, set of candidate watermarks, representative set, representative degree, extracting, extractability, blindly extractability, and representative extracting.Through the concepts of the representative sets and the representative degree of an embedding algorithm and a program, we characterize the intrinsic property of an extractable embedding algorithm for software watermarking. Furthermore, the concept of the representative extracting algorithm is used to show the best thing we can get for a general software watermarking embedding algorithm.