Dynamic path-based software watermarking

Authors:
C. Collberg;E. Carter;S. Debray;A. Huntwork;J. Kececioglu;C. Linn;M. Stepp
Affiliations:
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ;University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ;University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ;University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ;University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ;University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ;University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
Venue:
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2004 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Year:
2004

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Abstract

Software watermarking is a tool used to combat software piracy by embedding identifying information into a program. Most existing proposals for software watermarking have the shortcoming that the mark can be destroyed via fairly straightforward semantics-preserving code transformations. This paper introduces path-based watermarking, a new approach to software watermarking based on the dynamic branching behavior of programs. The advantage of this technique is that error-correcting and tamper-proofing techniques can be used to make path-based watermarks resilient against a wide variety of attacks. Experimental results, using both Java bytecode and IA-32 native code, indicate that even relatively large watermarks can be embedded into programs at modest cost.