IBM Systems Journal
Watermaking three-dimensional polygonal models
MULTIMEDIA '97 Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking
Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking
Geometry-Based Watermarking of 3D Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Shape-Preserving Data Embedding Algorithm for NURBS Curves and Surfaces
CGI '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics
Watermarking a 3D Shape Model Defined as a Point Set
CW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Cyberworlds
Watermarking three-dimensional polygonal models through geometric and topological modifications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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A new topology-based watermarking method is proposed to embed information in objects with layered 3D triangular meshes such as those reconstructed from CT or MRI data. The main idea of the method is to compare the heights of the vertices of a triangle lying in the same layer. A watermark message is converted into a binary bit sequence, and then embedded into the modelin such a way that the first vertex of a triangle in the upper level carries information 1, and the first vertex of a triangle in the lower level carries information 0. For experimental purposes, a watermark message is embedded in a mouse embryo model. It is robust against translation, rotation, re-sectioning, local deformation and scaling. It left some artifacts after re-arrangement of local or global numbering. It is useful for shape sensitive 3D geometric models.