Fundamentals of digital image processing
Fundamentals of digital image processing
Mixture Density Estimation Based on Maximum Likelihood and Sequential Test Statistics
Neural Processing Letters
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Notes on methods based on maximum-likelihood estimation for learning the parameters of the mixture of Gaussians model
Genetic-Based EM Algorithm for Learning Gaussian Mixture Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The EM/MPM algorithm for segmentation of textured images: analysis and further experimental results
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Pattern Recognition Letters
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics - Special issue on human computing
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We present new approaches based on Genetic Algorithms (GAs), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Expectation Maximization (EM) for determining parameters of the mixture Gaussian model. GAs are adaptive search techniques designed to search for near-optimal solutions of large-scale optimization problems with multiple local maxima. It has been shown that GAs are independent of initialization parameters and can efficiently optimize functions in large search spaces while the solution obtained by EM is a function of initial parameters. There is a relatively high likelihood of achieving sub-optimal solution, due to trapping in local maxima. In this work, we propose a combination of Genetic Algorithm with EM (Interlaced GA-EM) to improve estimation of Gaussian mixture parameters. The method uses population of mixture models, rather than a single mixture, iteratively in both GA and EM to determine Gaussian mixture parameters. To assess the performance of the proposed methods, a series of Gaussian phantoms, based on the 'Modified Shepp-Logan' method, were created. All proposed methods were employed to estimate the tissue parameters in each phantom and applied on Micro Computed Tomography (@mCT) of dental images. The proposed method offers an accurate and stable solution for parameter estimation on Gaussian mixture models, with higher likelihood of achieving global optimal minima. Obtaining such accurate parameter estimation is a key requirement for image segmentation approach, which rely on a priori knowledge of tissue model parameters.